awesome-awesomeness/terminal/philosophy

                                                                                                  Awesome philosophy (#Awesome-philosophy)
A curated list of awesome philosophy

Contributions and criticism are welcome. (See: Contributing (https://github.com/HussainAther/awesome-philosophy/blob/master/contributing.md).)

                                                                                                   Table of contents (#Table-of-contents)

+ Ethics (#Ethics)

* **Classical ethics** (#Classical-ethics)                          
                                                                    
* **Christian and Medieval ethics** (#Christian-and-Medieval-ethics)
                                                                    
* **Modern ethics** (#Modern-ethics)                                
                                                                    
* **Postmodern ethics** (#Postmodern-ethics)                        
                                                                    
* **Bioethics** (#Bioethics)                                        
                                                                    
+ Meta-ethics (Metaethics) (#Meta-ethics-Metaethics)

+ Epistemology (#Epistemology)

+ Logic (#Logic)

+ Aesthetics (#Aesthetics)

+ Metaphysics (#Metaphysics)

+ Philosophy of the mind (#Philosophy-of-the-mind)

+ History of philosophy (#History-of-philosophy)

* **Western Civilization** (#Western-civilization)

    * **Classical philosophy** (#Classical-philosophy)                                    
                                                                                          
    * **Christian and Medieval** (#Christian-and-Medieval)                                
                                                                                          
    * **Early modern** (#Early-modern)                                                    
                                                                                          
    * **Contemporary** (#Contemporary)                                                    
                                                                                          
        * **Phenomenology and existentialism** (#Phenomenology-and-existentialism)        
                                                                                          
        * **Hermeneutics and deconstruction** (#Hermeneutics-and-deconstruction)          
                                                                                          
        * **Structuralism and post-structuralism** (#Structuralism-and-post-structuralism)
                                                                                          
        * **Critical theory and Marxism** (#Critical-theory-and-Marxism)                  
                                                                                          
* **Eastern Civlization** (#Eastern-civilization)                                         
                                                                                          
    * **Chinese philosophy** (#Chinese-philosophy)                                        
                                                                                          
    * **Indian philosophy** (#Indian-philosophy)                                          
                                                                                          
    * **Islamic philosophy** (#Islamic-philosophy)                                        
                                                                                          
    * **Japanese philosophy** (#Japanese-philosophy)                                      

+ Philosophy of other disciplines (#Philosophy-of-other-disciplines)

* **Education** (#Education)
                            
* **Religion** (#Religion)  

* **Science** (#Science)

    * **Mathematics** (#Mathematics)

    * **Physics** (#Physics)

    * **Computer science** (#Computer-science)

    * **Neuroscience** (#Neuroscience)
                                      
    * **Chemistry** (#Chemistry)      

    * **Biology** (#Biology)

    * **Sociology** (#Sociology)

    * **Psychology** (#Psychology)              
                                                
    * **Economics** (#Economics)                
                                                
* **Arts and Humanities** (#Arts-and-Humanities)

    * **Art** (#Art)

    * **Music** (#Music)

    * **Literatue** (#Literature)

    * **Language** (#Language)

    * **History** (#History)
                            
* **Medicine** (#Medicine)  
                            
* **Law** (#Ethics)         
                            
* **Politics** (#Politics)  

Ethics

Classical ethics

⟡ Aristotle "Nichomachean Ethics" "On Virtues and Vices"

Christian and Medieval ethics

⟡ Thomas Aquinas "Summa Theologica"

⟡ Saint Bonaventure "Commentary on the Sentences"

⟡ Duns Scotus "Philosophical Writings"

⟡ William of Ockham "Sum of Logic"

Modern ethics

⟡ G. E. M. Anscombe "Modern Moral Philosophy"

⟡ David Gauthier "Morals by Agreement"

⟡ Alan Gewirth "Reason and Morality"

⟡ Allan Gibbard "Thinking How to Live"

⟡ Susan Hurley "Natural Reasons"

⟡ Christine Korsgaard "The Sources of Normativity"

⟡ John McDowell "Values and Secondary Qualities"

⟡ Alasdair MacIntyre "After Virtue"

⟡ J. L. Mackie "Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong"

⟡ G. E. Moore "Principia Ethica"

⟡ Martha Nussbaum "The Fragility of Goodness"

⟡ Derek Parfit "Reasons and Persons"

⟡ Derek Parfit "On What Matters"

⟡ Peter Railton "Facts, Values, and Norms"

⟡ W. D. Ross "The Right and the Good"

⟡ Thomas M. Scanlon "What We Owe to Each Other"

⟡ Samuel Scheffler "The Rejection of Consequentialism"

⟡ Peter Singer "Practical Ethics"

⟡ Michael A. Smith "The Moral Problem"

⟡ Bernard Williams "Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy"

Postmodern ethics

⟡ Zygmunt Bauman "Postmodern Ethics"

⟡ Terry Eagleton "The Illusions of Postmodernism"

Bioethics

⟡ Don Marquis "Why Abortion is Immoral"

⟡ Paul Ramsey "The Patient as a Person" "Fabricated Man"

⟡ Judith Jarvis Thomson "A Defense of Abortion"

Meta-ethics (Metaethics)

⟡ P. F. Strawson "Freedom and Resentment"

Epistemology

⟡ Laurence Bonjour "The Structure of Empirical Knowledge"

⟡ Luc Bovens "Bayesian Epistemology"

⟡ Stanley Cavell "The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy"

⟡ Roderick Chisholm "Theory of Knowledge"

⟡ Keith DeRose "The Case for Contextualism"

⟡ René Descartes "Discourse on the Method", "Meditations on First Philosophy"

⟡ Edmund Gettier "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?"

⟡ Alvin Goldman "Epistemology and Cognition" "What is Justified Belief?"

⟡ Susan Haack "Evidence and Enquiry"

⟡ Hilary Kornblith "Knowledge and its Place in Nature"

⟡ Jonathan Kvanvig "The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding"

⟡ David K. Lewis "Elusive Knowledge"

⟡ G. E. Moore "A Defence of Common Sense"

⟡ Willard van Orman Quine "Epistemology Naturalized"

⟡ Richard Rorty "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature"

⟡ Bertrand Russell "The Problems of Philosophy"

⟡ Jason Stanley "Knowledge and Practical Interest"

⟡ Stephen Stich "The Fragmentation of Reason"

⟡ Peter Unger "Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism"

⟡ Timothy Williamson "Knowledge and its Limits"

Logic

⟡ Donald Davidson "Truth and Meaning"

⟡ Gottlob Frege "Begriffsschrift"

⟡ Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems"

⟡ Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"

⟡ Charles Sanders Peirce "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"

⟡ Alfred Tarski "The Concept of Truth"

Aesthetics

⟡ Theodor Adorno "Aesthetic Theory"

⟡ R.G. Collingwood "The Principles of Art"

⟡ Arthur C. Danto "After the End of Art"

⟡ Nelson Goodman "Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols"

⟡ George Santayana "The Sense of Beauty"

Metaphysics

⟡ Aristotle "Metaphysics"

⟡ D.M. Armstrong "Universals and Scientific Realism"

⟡ A. J. Ayer "Language, Truth, and Logic"

⟡ Rudolf Carnap "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology"

⟡ David Chalmers "Constructing the World"

⟡ John Dewey "Experience and Nature"

⟡ William James "Pragmatism"

⟡ Immanuel Kant "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals"

⟡ James Ladyman, Don Ross, David Spurrett, John Collier "Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalized"

⟡ John McDowell "Mind and World"

⟡ David Kellogg Lewis "On the Plurality of Worlds"

⟡ Stephen Mumford "Dispositions"

⟡ Derek Parfit "Reasons and Persons"

⟡ Willard Van Orman Quine "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" "On What There Is"

⟡ Theodore Sider "Writing the Book of the World"

⟡ Alfred North Whitehead "Process and Reality"

⟡ Timothy Williamson "Modal Logic as Metaphysics"

⟡ Ludwig Wittgenstein "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" (a.k.a. The Tractatus)

Philosophy of the mind

⟡ D. M. Armstrong "A Materialist Theory of the Mind"

⟡ Peter Carruthers "The Architecture of the Mind"

⟡ David Chalmers "Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings" "The Character of Consciousness" "The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory"

⟡ Paul Churchland "Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind"

⟡ Andy Clark "Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension"

⟡ Daniel Dennett  "Consciousness Explained"

⟡ Jaegwon Kim "Philosophy of Mind"

⟡ Ruth Millikan "Varieties of Meaning"

⟡ Gilbert Ryle "The Concept of Mind"

History of philosophy

Western civilization

⟡ Bertrand Russell "A History of Western Philosophy"

Classical philosophy

⟡ Marcus Aurelius "Meditations""

⟡ Plato "Symposium" "Parmenides" "Phaedrus"

Christian and Medieval

⟡ Augustine of Hippo "Confessions" "The City of God"

⟡ Anselm of Canterbury "Proslogion"

Early modern

⟡ Sir Francis Bacon "Novum Organum"

⟡ Jeremy Bentham "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation"

⟡ Henri Bergson "Time and Free Will" "Matter and Memory"

⟡ George Berkeley "Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge"

⟡ Auguste Comte "Course of Positive Philosophy"

⟡ René Descartes "Principles of Philosophy" "Passions of the Soul"

⟡ Desiderius Erasmus "The Praise of Folly"

⟡ Johann Gottlieb Fichte "Foundations of the Science of Knowledge"

⟡ Hugo Grotius "De iure belli ac pacis"

⟡ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "Phenomenology of Spirit" "Science of Logic" "The Philosophy of Right" "The Philosophy of History"

⟡ Thomas Hobbes "Leviathan"

⟡ David Hume "A Treatise of Human Nature" "Four Dissertationss" "Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary" "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals"

⟡ Immanuel Kant "A Critique of Pure Reason" "Critique of Practical Reason" "A Critique of Judgement"

⟡ Søren Kierkegaard "Either/Or" "Fear and Trembling" "The Concept of Anxiety"

⟡ Gottfried Leibniz "Discourse on Metaphysics" "New Essays Concerning Human Understanding" "Théodicée" "Monadology"

⟡ John Locke "Two Treatises of Government" "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"

⟡ Niccolò Machiavelli "The Prince"

⟡ Karl Marx "The Communist Manifesto" "Das Kapital"

⟡ John Stuart Mill "On Liberty "Utilitarianism"

⟡ John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill "The Subjection of Women"

⟡ Michel de Montaigne "Essays"

⟡ Friedrich Nietzsche "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" "Beyond Good and Evil" "On the Genealogy of Morals"

⟡ Blaise Pascal "Pensées"

⟡ Jean-Jacques Rousseau "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences" "Emile: or, On Education" "The Social Contract"

⟡ Arthur Schopenhauer "The World as Will and Representation"

⟡ Henry Sidgwick "The Methods of Ethics"

⟡ Adam Smith "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" "The Wealth of Nations"

⟡ Herbert Spencer "System of Synthetic Philosophy"

⟡ Baruch Spinoza "Ethics" "Tractatus Theologico-Politicus"

⟡ Max Stirner "The Ego and Its Own"

⟡ Mary Wollstonecraft "A Vindication of the Rights of Women"

Contemporary

Phenomenology and existentialism

⟡ Simone de Beauvoir "The Second Sex"

⟡ Albert Camus "Myth of Sisyphus"

⟡ Martin Heidegger "Being and Time"

⟡ Edmund Husserl "Logical Investigations" "Cartesian Meditations" "Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy"

⟡ Maurice Merleau-Ponty "Phenomenology of Perception"

⟡ Jean-Paul Sartre, "Being and Nothingness" "Critique of Dialectical Reason"

Hermeneutics and deconstruction

⟡ Jacques Derrida "Of Grammatology"

⟡ Hans-Georg Gadamer "Truth and Method"

⟡ Paul Ricœur "Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation"

Structuralism and post-structuralism

⟡ Michel Foucault "The Order of Things"

⟡ Gilles Deleuze "Difference and Repetition"
 
⟡ Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari "Capitalism and Schizophrenia"

⟡ Luce Irigaray "Speculum of the Other Woman"

⟡ Michel Foucault "Discipline and Punish"

Critical theory and Marxism

⟡ Theodor Adorno "Negative Dialectics"

⟡ Louis Althusser "Reading Capital"

⟡ Alain Badiou "Being and Event"

⟡ Jürgen Habermas "Theory of Communicative Action"

⟡ Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno "Dialectic of Enlightenment"

⟡ Georg Lukacs "History and Class Consciousness"

⟡ Herbert Marcuse "Reason and Revolution" "Eros and Civilization"

Eastern civilization

Chinese philosophy

⟡ "The Record of Linji"

⟡ Han Fei "Han Feizi"

⟡ Kongzi "Analects" "Five Classics"

⟡ Laozi "Dao De Jing"

⟡ Mengzi "Mengzi"

⟡ Sunzi "Art of War"

⟡ Zhou Dunyi "The Taiji Tushuo"

⟡ Zhu Xi "Four Books" "Reflections on Things at Hand"

Indian philosophy

⟡ "The Upanishads"

⟡ "The Bhagavad Gita" ("The Song of God")

⟡ Aksapada Gautama "Nyaya Sutras"

⟡ Isvarakrsna "Sankhya Karika"

⟡ Kanada "Vaisheshika Sutra"

⟡ Patañjali "Yoga Sutras"

⟡ Swami Swatamarama "Hatha Yoga Pradipika"

⟡ Vyasa "Brahma Sutras"

⟡ Tami "Thiruvalluvar"

Islamic philosophy

⟡ Al-Ghazali "The Incoherence of the Philosophers"

Japanese philosophy

⟡ Hakuin Ekaku "Wild Ivy"

⟡ Honen "One-Sheet Document"

⟡ Kukai "Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence"

⟡ Zeami Motokiyo "Style and Flower"

⟡ Miyamoto Musashi "The Book of Five Rings"

⟡ Shinran "Kyogyoshinsho"

⟡ Dogen Zenji "Shōbōgenzō"

Philosophy of other disciplines

Education

⟡ John Dewey "Democracy and Education"

⟡ Terry Eagleton "The Slow Death of the University"

⟡ Paulo Freire "Pedagogy of the Oppressed"

⟡ Martha Nussbaum "Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities"

⟡ B.F. Skinner "Walden Two"

⟡ Charles Weingartner and Neil Postman "Teaching as a Subversive Activity"

Religion

⟡ William Lane Craig "The Kalam Cosmological Argument"

⟡ J. L. Mackie "The Miracle of Theism"

⟡ Dewi Zephaniah Phillips "Religion Without Explanation"

⟡ Alvin Plantinga "God and Other Minds" "Is Belief in God Properly Basic"

⟡ William Rowe "The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look"

⟡ J. L. Schellenberg "Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason"

⟡ Richard Swinburne "The Existence of God"

Science

⟡ Paul Feyerabend "Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge"

⟡ Bas C. van Fraassen "The Scientific Image"

⟡ Nelson Goodman "Fact, Fiction, and Forecast"

⟡ Thomas Samuel Kuhn "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"

⟡ Larry Laudan "The Demise of the Demarcation Problem"

⟡ David K. Lewis "How to Define Theoretical Terms"

⟡ Karl Pearson "The Grammar of Science"

⟡ Karl Popper "The Logic of Scientific Discovery"

⟡ Hans Reichenbach "The Rise of Scientific Philosophy"

Mathematics

⟡ Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell "Principia Mathematica"

⟡ Paul Benacerraf "What Numbers Could not Be" "Mathematical Truth"

⟡ Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam "Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings"

⟡ George Boolos "Logic, Logic and Logic"

⟡ Hartry Field "Science without Numbers: The Defence of Nominalism"

⟡ Imre Lakatos "Proofs and Refutations"

⟡ Penelope Maddy "Second Philosophy"

Physics

⟡ Aristotle "Physics"

⟡ Michel Bitbol "Mécanique quantique : Une introduction philosophique" "Schrödinger’s Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics"

⟡ Chris Isham and Jeremy Butterfield "On the Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity"

⟡ Tim Lewens "The Meaning of Science: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science"

Computer science

⟡ Scott Aaronson "Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity"

⟡ Judea Pearl "Causality"

⟡ Ray Turner "The Philosophy of Computer Science" "Computational Artefacts-Towards a Philosophy of Computer Science"

Neuroscience

⟡ John Bickle "Revisionary Physicalism" "Psychoneural Reduction of the Genuinely Cognitive: Some Accomplished Facts" "Psychoneural Reduction: The New Wave" " Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account"

⟡ Patricia Churchland "Brain-Wise : Studies in Neurophilosophy" "Neurophilosophy : Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain"

⟡ Carl Craver "Explaining the brain : mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience"

⟡ Georg Northoff "Philosophy of the Brain: The brain problem"

⟡ Henrik Walter "Neurophilosophy of Free Will: From Libertarian Illusions to a Concept of Natural Autonomy"

Chemistry

⟡ Jaap van Brakel "Philosophy of Chemistry"

Biology

⟡ Daniel C. Dennett "Darwin's Dangerous Idea"

⟡ Ruth Garrett Millikan "Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories"

⟡ Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell"

⟡ Elliott Sober "The Nature of Selection"

Sociology

⟡ B. F. Skinner "Science and Human Behavior"

Psychology

⟡ Donald Davidson "The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme"

⟡ William James "The Principles of Psychology"

Economics

⟡ Kenneth Arrow "Social Choice and Individual Values"

⟡ Ludwig von Mises "The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science"

⟡ Elizabeth S. Anderson "Value in Ethics and Economics"
    
Arts and Humanities

⟡ Bernard Williams "Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline"

Art

⟡ Clive Bell "Art"

⟡ George Dickie "Art and the Aesthetic"

Music

⟡ Roger Scruton "Music as an Art"

Literature

⟡ Aristotle "Poetics"

Language

⟡ J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses" "How To Do Things With Words"

⟡ Robert Brandom "Making it Explicit"

⟡ Stanley Cavell "Must We Mean What We Say?"

⟡ David Chalmers "Two Dimensional Semantics"

⟡ Cora Diamond "What Nonsense Might Be"

⟡ Michael Dummett "Frege: Philosophy of Language"

⟡ Gottlob Frege "On Sense and Reference"

⟡ H. P. Grice "Logic and Conversation"

⟡ Saul Kripke "Naming and Necessity"

⟡ David K. Lewis "General Semantics"

⟡ Willard Van Orman Quine "Word and Object"

⟡ Bertrand Russell "On Denoting"

⟡ John Searle "Speech Acts"

⟡ Ludwig Wittgenstein "Philosophical Investigations"

History

⟡ R.G. Collingwood "The Idea of History"

⟡ Karl Löwith "Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History"

Medicine

⟡ Mario Bunge "Medical Philosophy: Conceptual Issues in Medicine"

⟡ R. Paul Thompson and Ross E. G. Upshur "Philosophy of Medicines"

Law

⟡ Ronald Dworkin "Law's Empire"

⟡ John Finnis "Natural Law and Natural Rights"

⟡ Lon L. Fuller "The Morality of Law"

⟡ H.L.A. Hart "The Concept of Law"

Politics

⟡ Aristotle "Politics"

⟡ Isaiah Berlin "Two Concepts of Liberty"

⟡ Robert Nozick "Anarchy, State, and Utopia"

⟡ Plato "Republic"

⟡ Karl Popper "The Open Society and Its Enemies"

⟡ John Rawls "A Theory of Justice"

⟡ Michael Sandel "Liberalism and the Limits of Justice"