awesome-awesomeness/html/pcaptools.html

<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome"><img
src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/sindresorhus/awesome/d7305f38d29fed78fa85652e3a63e154dd8e8829/media/badge.svg"
alt="Awesome" /></a> <a
href="https://travis-ci.org/caesar0301/awesome-pcaptools"><img
src="https://travis-ci.org/caesar0301/awesome-pcaptools.svg"
alt="Build Status" /></a></p>
<p>This project does not contain any source code or files. I just want
to make a list of tools to process pcap files in research of network
traffic. For more awesome lists, see
https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome</p>
<p><strong>License</strong>: Apache License v2.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="#linuxcmds">Linux commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#capture">Traffic Capture</a></li>
<li><a href="#wrapper">Wrapper Libraries for libpcap/WinPcap</a></li>
<li><a href="#analysis">Traffic Analysis/Inspection</a></li>
<li><a href="#dnstools">DNS Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="#fileextraction">File Extraction</a></li>
<li><a href="#others">Related Projects</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="linux-commands">Linux commands<a name="linuxcmds"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Bmon</strong>: (Bandwidth Monitor) is a tool similar to
nload that shows the traffic load over all the network interfaces on the
system. The output also consists of a graph and a section with packet
level details. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03%20/bmon-%20640x480.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Bwm-ng</strong>: (Bandwidth Monitor Next Generation) is
another very simple real time network load monitor that reports a
summary of the speed at which data is being transferred in and out of
all available network interfaces on the system. <a
href="">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>CBM</strong>: (Color Bandwidth Meter) A tiny little
simple bandwidth monitor that displays the traffic volume through
network interfaces. No further options, just the traffic stats are
display and updated in realtime. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog%20/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/cbm.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Collectl</strong>: reports system statistics in a style
that is similar to dstat, and like dstat it is gathers statistics about
various different system resources like cpu, memory, network etc. Over
here is a simple example of how to use it to report network
usage/bandwidth. <a href="">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Dstat</strong>: is a versatile tool (written in python)
that can monitor different system statistics and report them in a batch
style mode or log the data to a csv or similar file. This example shows
how to use dstat to report network bandwidth <a
href="">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Ifstat</strong>: reports the network bandwidth in a batch
style mode. The output is in a format that is easy to log and parse
using other programs or utilities. <a href="">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Iftop</strong>: measures the data flowing through
individual socket connections, and it works in a manner that is
different from Nload. Iftop uses the pcap library to capture the packets
moving in and out of the network adapter, and then sums up the size and
count to find the total bandwidth under use. Although iftop reports the
bandwidth used by individual connections, it cannot report the process
name/id involved in the particular socket connection. But being based on
the pcap library, iftop is able to filter the traffic and report
bandwidth usage over selected host connections as specified by the
filter. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/iftop.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Iptraf</strong>: is an interactive and colorful IP Lan
monitor. It shows individual connections and the amount of data flowing
between the hosts. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/iptraf.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Jnettop</strong>: <a
href="http://jnettop.kubs.info/wiki/">Jnettop</a> is a traffic
visualiser, which captures traffic going through the host it is running
from and displays streams sorted by bandwidth they use. <a
href="http://jnettop.kubs.info/wiki/?binary=internal%3A%2F%2F76195466cc3bca92f8de7b404e240844.gif">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Nethogs</strong>: is a small ‘net top’ tool that shows
the bandwidth used by individual processes and sorts the list putting
the most intensive processes on top. In the event of a sudden bandwidth
spike, quickly open nethogs and find the process responsible. Nethogs
reports the PID, user and the path of the program. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/nethogs.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Netload</strong>: displays a small report on the current
traffic load, and the total number of bytes transferred since the
program start. No more features are there. Its part of the netdiag. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/netload.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Netwatch</strong>: is part of the netdiag collection of
tools, and it too displays the connections between local host and other
remote hosts, and the speed at which data is transferring on each
connection. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/netwatch.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Nload</strong>: is a commandline tool that allows users
to monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic separately. It also draws
outa graph to indicate the same, the scale of which can be adjusted.
Easy and simple to use, and does not support many options. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/nload.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Pktstat</strong>: displays all the active connections in
real time, and the speed at which data is being transferred through
them. It also displays the type of the connection, i.e. tcp or udp and
also details about http requests if involved. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pktstat.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Slurm</strong>: is ‘yet’ another network load monitor
that shows device statistics along with an ascii graph. It supports 3
different styles of graphs each of which can be activated using the c, s
and l keys. Simple in features, slurm does not display any further
details about the network load. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/slurm.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Speedometer</strong>: Another small and simple tool that
just draws out good looking graphs of incoming and outgoing traffic
through a given interface. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/speedometer.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Tcptrack</strong>: is similar to iftop, and uses the pcap
library to capture packets and calculate various statistics like the
bandwidth used in each connection. It also supports the standard pcap
filters that can be used to monitor specific connections. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog%20/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/tcptrack.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Trafshow</strong>: reports the current active
connections, their protocol and the data transfer speed on each
connection. It can filter out connections using pcap type filters. <a
href="http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/trafshow.png">Screenshot</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Vnstat</strong>: is bit different from most of the other
tools. It actually runs a background service/daemon and keeps recording
the size of data transfer all the time. Next it can be used to generate
a report of the history of network usage. <a
href="">Screenshot</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="traffic-capture">Traffic Capture<a name="capture"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://www.tcpdump.org/">Libpcap/Tcpdump</a>: The
official site of tcpdump, a powerful command-line packet analyzer; and
libpcap, a portable C/C++ library for network traffic capture.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/">Ngrep</a>: strives to
provide most of GNU grep’s common features, applying them to the network
layer. ngrep is a pcap-aware tool that will allow you to specify
extended regular or hexadecimal expressions to match against data
payloads of packets. It currently recognizes TCP, UDP and ICMP across
Ethernet, PPP, SLIP, FDDI, Token Ring and null interfaces, and
understands bpf filter logic in the same fashion as more common packet
sniffing tools, such as tcpdump and snoop.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://github.com/ruedigergad/clj-net-pcap">clj-net-pcap</a>:
<code>clj-net-pcap</code> is a packet capturing library for Clojure.
clj-net-pcap uses jNetPcap and adds convenience functionality around
jNetPcap for easing the usability. A <a
href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=6903107">paper
on clj-net-pcap</a> was published in scope of COMPSACW 2014.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://jnetpcap.com">jNetPcap</a>: jNetPcap is a packet
capturing library for Java that is available for Linux and Windows.
jNetPcap leverages libpcap respectively WinPcap and employs the Java
Native Interface (JNI) for using the functionality provided by
libpcap/WinPcap.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.ntop.org/products/n2disk/">n2disk</a>
(Commercial): A multi-Gigabit network traffic recorder with indexing
capabilities. n2disk is a network traffic recorder application. With
n2disk you can capture full- sized network packets at multi-Gigabit rate
(above 10 Gigabit/s on adequate hardware) from a live network interface,
and write them into files without any packet loss.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.openfpc.org/">OpenFPC</a>: OpenFPC is a set
of scripts that combine to provide a lightweight full-packet network
traffic recorder &amp; buffering tool. Its design goal is to allow
non-expert users to deploy a distributed network traffic recorder on
COTS hardware while integrating into existing alert and log
tools.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.ntop.org/products/pf_ring/">PF_RING</a>:
PF_RING is a new type of network socket that dramatically improves the
packet capture speed. Available for Linux kernels 2.6.32 and newer. No
need to patch the kernel. PF_RING-aware drivers for increased packet
capture acceleration.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/kjc/software.html#ttt">TTT</a>:
(Tele Traffic Tapper) is yet another descendant of tcpdump but it is
capable of real-time, graphical, and remote traffic-monitoring. ttt
won’t replace tcpdump, rather, it helps you find out what to look into
with tcpdump. ttt monitors the network and automatically picks up the
main contributors of the traffic within the time window. The graphs are
updated every second by default.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://tools.netsa.cert.org/yaf/yaf.html">Yaf</a>: It’s
a reliable piece of software, quite solid and able to generate flow
records from pcap. This is very nice for indexing huge pcap or even
doing packet capture. The recent version can even extract payloads and
put in the flow records.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="wrapper-libraries-for-libpcapwinpcap">Wrapper Libraries for
libpcap/WinPcap<a name="wrapper"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>C++
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mfontanini/libtins">libtins</a>: libtins
is a high-level, multiplatform C++ network packet sniffing and crafting
library.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/pellegre/libcrafter">libcrafter</a>: A
high level C++ network packet sniffing and crafting library.</li>
</ul></li>
<li>C#
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/chmorgan/sharppcap">sharppcap</a>: Fully
managed, cross platform (Windows, Mac, Linux) .NET library for capturing
packets</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/PcapDotNet/Pcap.Net">Pcap.Net</a>: .NET
wrapper for WinPcap written in C++/CLI and C#, which features almost all
WinPcap features’ and includes a packet interpretation framework.<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Go
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/akrennmair/gopcap">Gopcap</a>: A simple
wrapper around libpcap for the Go programming language</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/google/gopacket">GoPacket</a>: Provides
packet processing capabilities for Go by google. Originally forked from
the gopcap project written by Andreas Krennmair</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Haskell
<ul>
<li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/pcap">pcap</a>: A
system-independent interface for user-level packet capture<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Java
<ul>
<li><a href="http://jpcap.sourceforge.net/">jpcap</a>: a network packet
capture library for applications written in Java.</li>
<li><a href="http://jnetpcap.com/">JNetPcap</a>: A Java wrapper for
nearly all libpcap library native calls</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaitoy/pcap4j">pcap4j</a>: A Java
library for capturing, crafting, and sending packets.</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Perl
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://search.cpan.org/~saper/Net-Pcap/Pcap.pm">Net::Pcap</a>:
Interface to pcap(3) LBL packet capture library<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Python
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/secdev/scapy">Scapy</a> - Python-based
interactive packet manipulation program &amp; library</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/phaethon/scapy">Scapy for Pythong3</a> -
Network packet and pcap file
crafting/sniffing/manipulation/visualization security tool (based on
scapy) with python3 compatibility</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/CoreSecurity/pcapy">Pcapy</a>: Pcapy is
a Python extension module that interfaces with the libpcap packet
capture library.</li>
<li><a
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pylibpcap/">python-libpcap</a>:
Python module for the libpcap packet capture library, based on the
original python libpcap module by Aaron Rhodes.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/dugsong/pypcap">pypcap</a>: a simplified
object-oriented Python wrapper for libpcap - the current tcpdump.org
version, and the WinPcap port for Windows.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kbandla/dpkt">dpkt</a>: fast, simple
packet creation / parsing, with definitions for the basic TCP/IP
protocols<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Ruby
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/pcaprub/pcaprub">pcaprub</a>: libpcap
bindings for ruby</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ahobson/ruby-pcap">ruby-pcap</a>:
ruby-pcap is a ruby extension to LBL libpcap (Packet Capture
library)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/packetfu/packetfu">PacketFu</a>: a
mid-level packet manipulation library for Ruby for reading and writing
packets to an interface or to a libpcap-formatted file.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/trema/pio">pio</a>: Pio is a ruby gem to
easily parse (including pcap files) and generate network packets.<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Rust
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ebfull/pcap">pcap</a>: Rust language
pcap library.<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Tcl
<ul>
<li><a href="http://tclpcap.sourceforge.net/">Tclpcap</a>: tclpcap is a
Tcl extension that provides access to the Pcap packet capture
library.</li>
<li><a href="http://monkey.org/~jose/software/tcap/">Tcap</a>: Tcl pcap
interface</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="traffic-analysisinspection">Traffic
Analysis/Inspection<a name="analysis"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://bitbucket.org/camp0/aiengine">AIEngine</a>: is a
next generation interactive/programmable packet inspection engine with
capabilities of learning without any human intervention, NIDS
functionality, DNS domain classification, network collector and many
others. AIEngine also helps network/security professionals to identify
traffic and develop signatures for use them on NIDS, Firewalls, Traffic
classifiers and so on.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://bro-ids.org/">Bro</a>: is an open-source,
Unix-based Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) that passively
monitors network traffic and looks for suspicious activity. Bro detects
intrusions by first parsing network traffic to extract its application-
level semantics and then executing event-oriented analyzers that compare
the activity with patterns deemed troublesome. Its analysis includes
detection of specific attacks (including those defined by signatures,
but also those defined in terms of events) and unusual activities (e.g.,
certain hosts connecting to certain services, or patterns of failed
connection attempts).</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/MITRECND/chopshop">Chopshop</a> is a
MITRE developed framework to aid analysts in the creation and execution
of pynids based decoders and detectors of APT tradecraft.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.caida.org/tools/measurement/coralreef/">CoralReef</a>:
is a software suite developed by CAIDA to analyze data collected by
passive Internet traffic monitors. It provides a programming library
libcoral, similar to libpcap with extensions for ATM and other network
types, which is available from both C and Perl.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://dpdk.org/">DPDK</a>: is a set of libraries and
drivers for fast packet processing. It was designed to run on any
processors. The first supported CPU was Intel x86 and it is now extended
to IBM Power 8, EZchip TILE-Gx and ARM. It runs mostly in Linux
userland. A FreeBSD port is available for a subset of DPDK
features.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://code.google.com/p/dpkt/">DPKT</a>: Python packet
creation/parsing library.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://bitbucket.org/nathanj/ecap/wiki">ECap</a>:
(External Capture) is a distributed network sniffer with a web front-
end. Ecap was written many years ago in 2005, but a post on the
tcpdump-workers mailing list requested a similar application… so here it
is. It would be fun to update it and work on it again if there’s any
interest.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://etherape.sourceforge.net/">EtherApe</a>: is a
graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring
link layer, ip and TCP modes, it displays network activity graphically.
Hosts and links change in size with traffic. Color coded protocols
display. It supports Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring, ISDN, PPP and SLIP
devices. It can filter traffic to be shown, and can read traffic from a
file as well as live from the network.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://github.com/caesar0301/http-sniffer">HttpSniffer</a>: A
multi-threading tool to sniff TCP flow statistics and embedded HTTP
headers from PCAP file. Each TCP flow carrying HTTP is exported to text
file in JSON format.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.read.seas.harvard.edu/~kohler/ipsumdump/">Ipsumdump</a>:
summarizes TCP/IP dump files into a self-describing ASCII format easily
readable by humans and programs. Ipsumdump can read packets from network
interfaces, from tcpdump files, and from existing ipsumdump files. It
will transparently uncompress tcpdump or ipsumdump files when necessary.
It can randomly sample traffic, filter traffic based on its contents,
anonymize IP addresses, and sort packets from multiple dumps by
timestamp. Also, it can optionally create a tcpdump file containing
actual packet data. It’s also convinient to work with CLICK as a
inserted module.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/">ITA</a>: The Internet Traffic
Archive is a moderated repository to support widespread access to traces
of Internet network traffic, sponsored by ACM SIGCOMM. The traces can be
used to study network dynamics, usage characteristics, and growth
patterns, as well as providing the grist for trace- driven simulations.
The archive is also open to programs for reducing raw trace data to more
manageable forms, for generating synthetic traces, and for analyzing
traces.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://code.google.com/p/libcrafter/">Libcrafter</a>: is
a high level library for C++ designed to make easier the creation and
decoding of network packets. It is able to craft or decode packets of
most common network protocols, send them on the wire, capture them and
match requests and replies.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://libnet.sourceforge.net/">Libnet</a>: is a
collection of routines to help with the construction and handling of
network packets. It provides a portable framework for low-level network
packet shaping, handling and injection. Libnet features portable packet
creation interfaces at the IP layer and link layer, as well as a host of
supplementary and complementary functionality. Using libnet, quick and
simple packet assembly applications can be whipped up with little
effort.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://libnids.sourceforge.net/">Libnids</a>: designed
by Rafal Wojtczuk, is an implementation of an E-component of Network
Intrusion Detection System. It emulates the IP stack of Linux 2.0.x.
Libnids offers IP defragmentation, TCP stream assembly and TCP port scan
detection. The most valuable feature of libnids is reliability. A number
of tests were conducted, which proved that libnids predicts behaviour of
protected Linux hosts as closely as possible.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://netsniff-ng.org/">Multitail</a>: now has a
colorscheme included for monitoring the tcpdump output. It can also
filter, convert timestamps to timestrings and much more.
http://www.vanheusden.com/multitail]: * Netsniff-ng]: Netsniff-ng is a
toolkit of free Linux networking utilities, a Swiss army knife for your
daily Linux network plumbing if you will. <a
href="www.github.com/borkmann/netsniff-ng">GitHub</a>.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://netdude.sourceforge.net/">NetDude</a>: (NETwork
DUmp data Displayer and Editor). From their webpage, “it is a GUI-based
tool that allows you to make detailed changes to packets in tcpdump
tracefiles.”</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.netexpect.org/">Network Expect</a>: is a
framework that allows to easily build tools that can interact with
network traffic. Following a script, traffic can be injected into the
network, and decisions can be taken, and acted upon, based on received
network traffic. An interpreted language provides branching and
high-level control structures to direct the interaction with the
network. Network Expect uses libpcap for packet capture and libwireshark
(from the Wireshark project) for packet dissection tasks. (GPL,
BSD/Linux/OSX).</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.ntop.org/">Ntop</a>: Ntop is a network
traffic probe that shows the network usage, similar to what the popular
top Unix command does. ntop is based on libpcap and it has been written
in a portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform and
on Win32 as well.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.ntop.org/products/ntop/">Ntopng</a>: Ntopng
is the next generation version of the original ntop, a network traffic
probe that shows the network usage, similar to what the popular top Unix
command does. ntop is based on libpcap and it has been written in a
portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform, MacOSX
and on Win32 as well.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/andrewf/pcap2har">Pcap2har</a>: A
program to convert .pcap network capture files to HTTP Archive files
using library dpkt.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/caesar0301/pkt2flow">pkt2flow</a>: A
simple utility to classify packets into flows. It’s so simple that only
one task is aimed to finish. For Deep Packet Inspection or flow
classification, it’s so common to analyze the feature of one specific
flow. I have make the attempt to use made-ready tools like tcpflows,
tcpslice, tcpsplit, but all these tools try to either decrease the trace
volume (under requirement) or resemble the packets into flow payloads
(over requirement). I have not found a simple tool to classify the
packets into flows without further processing.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://kiminewt.github.io/pyshark/">pyshark</a>: A
Python wrapper for tshark, allowing python packet parsing using
wireshark dissectors. There are quite a few python packet parsing
modules, this one is different because it doesn’t actually parse any
packets, it simply uses tshark’s (wireshark command-line utility)
ability to export XMLs to use its parsing.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/sanitize.html">Sanitize</a>:
Sanitize is a collection of five Bourne shell scripts for reducing
tcpdump traces in order to address security and privacy concerns, by
renumbering hosts and stripping out packet contents. Each script takes
as input a tcpdump trace file and generates to stdout a reduced, ASCII
file in fixed-column format.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy/">Scapy</a>: Scapy
is a powerful interactive packet manipulation program. It is able to
forge or decode packets of a wide number of protocols, send them on the
wire, capture them, match requests and replies, and much more. It can
easily handle most classical tasks like scanning, tracerouting, probing,
unit tests, attacks or network discovery (it can replace hping, 85% of
nmap, arpspoof, arp-sk, arping, tcpdump, tethereal, p0f, etc.). It also
performs very well at a lot of other specific tasks that most other
tools can’t handle, like sending invalid frames, injecting your own
802.11 frames, combining technics (VLAN hopping+ARP cache poisoning,
VOIP decoding on WEP encrypted channel, …), etc.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.thedumbterminal.co.uk/software/sniff.html">Sniff</a>:
Makes output from the tcpdump program easier to read and parse.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.snort.org/">Snort</a>: Snort is an open
source network intrusion prevention and detection system (IDS/IPS)
developed by Sourcefire, now owned by Cisco. Combining the benefits of
signature, protocol and anomaly- based inspection, Snort is the most
widely deployed IDS/IPS technology worldwide. With millions of downloads
and approximately 500,000 registered users, Snort has become the de
facto standard for IPS.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://code.google.com/p/socket-sentry">Socket
Sentry</a>: Socket Sentry is a real-time network traffic monitor for KDE
Plasma in the same spirit as tools like iftop and netstat.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/tcp-reduce.html">TCP-Reduce</a>:
TCP-Reduce is a collection of Bourne shell scripts for reducing tcpdump
traces to one-line summaries of each TCP connection present in the
trace. The scripts look only at TCP SYN/FIN/RST packets. Connections
without SYN packets in the trace (such as those on- going at the
beginning of the trace) will not appear in the summary. Garbaged packets
(those missing some of their contents) are reported to stderr as bogon’s
and are discarded. Occasionally the script gets fooled by
retransmissions with altered sequence numbers, and reports erroneous
huge connection sizes - always check large connections (say 100 MB or
more) for plausibility.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/tcpdpriv.html">Tcpdpriv</a>:
Tcpdpriv is program for eliminating confidential information (user data
and addresses) from packets collected on a network interface (or, from
trace files created using the -w argument to tcpdump). Tcpdpriv removes
the payload of TCP and UDP, and the entire IP payload for other
protocols. It implements several address scrambling methods; the
sequential numbering method and its variants, and a hash method with
preserving address prefix.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/simsong/tcpflow">Tcpflow</a>: A
program that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections
(flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol
analysis or debugging. A program like ‘tcpdump’ shows a summary of
packets seen on the wire, but usually doesn’t store the data that’s
actually being transmitted. In contrast, tcpflow reconstructs the actual
data streams and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis.
<a href="http://www.circlemud.org/jelson/software/tcpflow/">Original
link</a>.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/tracelook.html">Tcplook</a>:
Tracelook is an Tcl/TK program for graphically viewing the contents of
trace files created using the -w argument to tcpdump. Tracelook should
look at all protocols, but presently only looks at TCP connections. The
program is slow and uses system resources prodigiously.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://tcpreplay.synfin.net/">Tcpreplay</a>: Replays a
pcap file on an interface using libnet.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/tcpslice.tar.gz">Tcpslice</a>:
Tcpslice is a tool for extracting portions of packet trace files
generated using tcpdump’s -w flag. It can combine multiple trace files,
and/or extract portions of one or more traces based on time. <a
href="ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/tcpslice.tar.gz">From the tcpdump CVS
server</a>.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.icir.org/mallman/software/tcpsplit/">Tcpsplit</a>: A
tool to break a single libpcap packet trace into some number of sub-
traces, breaking the trace along TCP connection boundaries so that a TCP
connection doesn’t end up split across two sub-traces. This is useful
for making large trace files tractable for in- depth analysis and for
subsetting a trace for developing analysis on only part of a
trace.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.frenchfries.net/paul/tcpstat/">Tcpstat</a>:
Tcpstat reports certain network interface statistics much like vmstat
does for system statistics. tcpstat gets its information by either
monitoring a specific interface, or by reading previously saved tcpdump
data from a file.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://tcptrace.org/index.html">Tcptrace</a>: A tool
written by Shawn Ostermann at Ohio University, for analysis of TCP dump
files. It can take as input the files produced by several popular
packet- capture programs, including tcpdump, snoop, etherpeek, HP Net
Metrix, and WinDump. tcptrace can produce several different types of
output containing information on each connection seen, such as elapsed
time, bytes and segments sent and recieved, retransmissions, round trip
times, window advertisements, throughput, and more. It can also produce
a number of graphs for further analysis.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://www.tracewrangler.com/">TraceWrangler</a>:
TraceWrangler is a network capture file toolkit running on Windows (or
on Linux, using WINE) that supports PCAP as well as the new PCAPng file
format, which is now the standard file format used by Wireshark. The
most prominent use case for TraceWrangler is the easy sanitization and
anonymization of PCAP and PCAPng files (sometimes called “trace files”,
“capture files” or “packet captures”), removing or replacing sensitive
data while being easy to use.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://tstat.tlc.polito.it/">Tstat</a>: A passive
sniffer able to provide several insight on the traffic patterns at both
the network and transport levels with a tremendous set of flow
features.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://research.wand.net.nz/">WAND</a>: A wonderful
collection of tools built on libtrace to process network traffic, which
is from The University of Waikato. I love this project!</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.tcpdump.org/wpcap.html">WinPcap</a>: An
extract of a message from Guy Harris on state of WinPcap and
WinDump.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.sniffer.com/products/sniffer-basic/default.asp?A=2">Sniffer</a>:
The Sniffer product family covers different fields of application
(Distributed, Portable and Wireless Environment). Sniffer solutions
monitor, troubleshoot, analyze, report on, and proactively manage
network performance. They ensure peak performance throughout the
enterprise infrastructure, across all LAN, WAN and high-speed
topologies, from 10/100 Ethernet to the latest high-speed Asynchronous
ATM, Gigabit, and Packet-over-SONET (PoS) backbones.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://wiki.wireshark.org/Tools">Wireshark suit</a>: The
well-konwn tool suit to support packet analyzer and protocol decoder. It
also includes a few practical tools and scripts to support most of the
common usage.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.xplot.org/">Xplot</a>: The program xplot was
written in the late 1980s to support the analysis of TCP packet
traces.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="dns-utilities">DNS Utilities <a name="dnstools"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a
href="https://doc.powerdns.com/md/manpages/dnsgram.1/">dnsgram</a>:
dnsgram is a debugging tool for intermittent resolver failures. it takes
one or more input PCAP files and generates statistics on 5 second
segments allowing the study of intermittent resolver issues.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://doc.powerdns.com/md/manpages/dnsreplay.1/">dnsreplay</a>:
Dnsreplay takes recorded questions and answers and replays them to the
specified nameserver and reporting afterwards which percentage of
answers matched, were worse or better. Then compares the answers and
some other metrics with the actual ones with those found in the
dumpfile.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://doc.powerdns.com/md/manpages/dnsscan.1/">dnsscan</a>:
dnsscan takes one or more INFILEs in PCAP format and generates a list of
the number of queries per query type.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://doc.powerdns.com/md/manpages/dnsscope.1/">dnsscope</a>:
dnsscope takes an input PCAP and generates some simple statistics
outputs these to console.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="https://doc.powerdns.com/md/manpages/dnswasher.1/">dnswasher</a>:
dnswasher takes an input file in PCAP format and writes out a PCAP file,
while obfuscating end-user IP addresses. This is useful to share data
with third parties while attempting to protect the privacy of your
users.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="file-extraction">File
Extraction<a name="fileextraction"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://chaosreader.sourceforge.net/">Chaosreader</a>: A
freeware tool to trace TCP/UDP/… sessions and fetch application data
from snoop or tcpdump logs. This is a type of “any-snarf” program, as it
will fetch telnet sessions, FTP files, HTTP transfers (HTML, GIF, JPEG,
…), SMTP emails, … from the captured data inside network traffic logs. A
html index file is created that links to all the session details,
including realtime replay programs for telnet, rlogin, IRC, X11 and VNC
sessions; and reports such as image reports and HTTP GET/POST content
reports.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/dsniff/">Dsniff</a>:
Dsniff is a collection of tools for network auditing and penetration
testing. dsniff, filesnarf, mailsnarf, msgsnarf, urlsnarf, and webspy
passively monitor a network for interesting data (passwords, e-mail,
files, etc.). arpspoof, dnsspoof, and macof facilitate the interception
of network traffic normally unavailable to an attacker (e.g, due to
layer-2 switching). sshmitm and webmitm implement active
monkey-in-the-middle attacks against redirected SSH and HTTPS sessions
by exploiting weak bindings in ad-hoc PKI.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://foremost.sourceforge.net/">Foremost</a>: is a
console program to recover files based on their headers, footers, and
internal data structures. This process is commonly referred to as data
carving. Foremost can work on image files, such as those generated by
dd, Safeback, Encase, etc, or directly on a drive. The headers and
footers can be specified by a configuration file or you can use command
line switches to specify built-in file types. These built-in types look
at the data structures of a given file format allowing for a more
reliable and faster recovery.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://justniffer.sourceforge.net/">Justniffer</a>:
Justniffer is a network protocol analyzer that captures network traffic
and produces logs in a customized way, can emulate Apache web server log
files, track response times and extract all “intercepted” files from the
HTTP traffic.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.netresec.com/?page=NetworkMiner">NetworkMiner</a>:
NetworkMiner is a Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) for Windows (but
also works in Linux / Mac OS X / FreeBSD). NetworkMiner can be used as a
passive network sniffer/packet capturing tool in order to detect
operating systems, sessions, hostnames, open ports etc. without putting
any traffic on the network. NetworkMiner can also parse PCAP files for
off-line analysis and to regenerate/ reassemble transmitted files and
certificates from PCAP files.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.snort.org/">Snort</a>: is an open source
network intrusion prevention and detection system (IDS/IPS) developed by
Sourcefire, now owned by Cisco. Combining the benefits of signature,
protocol and anomaly- based inspection, Snort is the most widely
deployed IDS/IPS technology worldwide.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://tcpick.sourceforge.net/">Tcpick</a>: is a
textmode sniffer libpcap-based that can track, reassemble and reorder
tcp streams. Tcpick is able to save the captured flows in different
files or displays them in the terminal, and so it is useful to sniff
files that are transmitted via ftp or http. It can display all the
stream on the terminal, when the connection is closed in different
display modes like hexdump, hexdump + ascii, only printable characters,
raw mode and so on.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://tcpxtract.sourceforge.net/">Tcpxtract</a>: is a
tool for extracting files from network traffic based on file signatures.
Extracting files based on file type headers and footers (sometimes
called “carving”) is an age old data recovery technique.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.xplico.org/about">Xplico</a>: The goal of
Xplico is extract from an internet traffic capture the applications data
contained. For example, from a pcap file Xplico extracts each email
(POP, IMAP, and SMTP protocols), all HTTP contents, each VoIP call
(SIP), FTP, TFTP, and so on. Xplico isn’t a network protocol analyzer.
Xplico is an open source Network Forensic An alysis Tool (NFAT). Xplico
is released under the GNU General Public License and with some scripts
under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) License.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="related-projects">Related Projects<a name="others"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://www.tcpdump.org/other/bpfext42.tar.Z">BPF for
Ultrix</a>: A distribution of BPF for Ultrix 4.2, with both source code
and binary modules.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~abegel/sigcomm99/bpf+.ps">BPF+</a>:
Exploiting Global Data-flow Optimization in a Generalized Packet Filter
Architecture By Andrew Begel, Steven McCanne, and Susan Graham.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/fft_fgn_c.html">FFT-FGN-C</a>:
is a program for synthesizing a type of self-similar process known as
fractional Gaussian noise. The program is fast but approximate.
Fractional Gaussian noise is only one type of self-similar process. When
using this program for synthesizing network traffic, you must keep in
mind that it may be that the traffic you seek is better modeled using
one of the other processes.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.haka-security.org/">Haka</a>: An open source
security oriented language which allows to describe protocols and apply
security policies on (live) captured traffic. The scope of Haka language
is twofold. First of all, it allows to write security rules in order to
filter/alter/drop unwanted packets and log and report malicious
activities. Second, Haka features a grammar enabling to specify network
protocols and their underlying state machine.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/RIPE-NCC/hadoop-pcap">RIPE-NCC Hadoop
for PCAP</a>: A Hadoop library to read packet capture (PCAP) files.
Bundles the code used to read PCAPs. Can be used within MapReduce jobs
to natively read PCAP files. Also features a Hive
Serializer/Deserializer (SerDe) to query PCAPs using SQL like
commands.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/papers/freenix2000/">Traffic
Data Repository at the WIDE Project</a>: It becomes increasingly
important for both network researchers and operators to know the trend
of network traffic and to find anomaly in their network traffic. This
paper describes an on-going effort within the WIDE project to collect a
set of free tools to build a traffic data repository containing detailed
information of our backbone traffic. Traffic traces are collected by
tcpdump and, after removing privacy information, the traces are made
open to the public. We review the issues on user privacy, and then, the
tools used to build the WIDE traffic repository. We will report the
current status and findings in the early stage of our IPv6
deployment.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/bpf-usenix93.ps.Z">Usenix93
Paper on BPF</a>: The libpcap interface supports a filtering mechanism
based on the architecture in the BSD packet filter. BPF is described in
the 1993 Winter Usenix paper “The BSD Packet Filter: A New Architecture
for User-level Packet Capture”.</p></li>
</ul>