awesome-awesomeness/readmes/philosophy.md

# [Awesome philosophy](#Awesome-philosophy)
A curated list of awesome philosophy

Contributions and criticism are welcome. (See: [Contributing](https://github.com/HussainAther/awesome-philosophy/blob/master/contributing.md).)

# [Table of contents](#Table-of-contents)

+ [Ethics](#Ethics)

    * [Classical ethics](#Classical-ethics)
    
    * [Christian and Medieval ethics](#Christian-and-Medieval-ethics)
    
    * [Modern ethics](#Modern-ethics)
    
    * [Postmodern ethics](#Postmodern-ethics)
    
    * [Bioethics](#Bioethics)
    
+ [Meta-ethics (Metaethics)](#Meta-ethics-Metaethics)

+ [Epistemology](#Epistemology)

+ [Logic](#Logic)

+ [Aesthetics](#Aesthetics)

+ [Metaphysics](#Metaphysics)

+ [Philosophy of the mind](#Philosophy-of-the-mind)

+ [History of philosophy](#History-of-philosophy)

    * [Western Civilization](#Western-civilization)

        * [Classical philosophy](#Classical-philosophy)
    
        * [Christian and Medieval](#Christian-and-Medieval)
    
        * [Early modern](#Early-modern)
    
        * [Contemporary](#Contemporary)
    
            * [Phenomenology and existentialism](#Phenomenology-and-existentialism)
        
            * [Hermeneutics and deconstruction](#Hermeneutics-and-deconstruction)
        
            * [Structuralism and post-structuralism](#Structuralism-and-post-structuralism)
        
            * [Critical theory and Marxism](#Critical-theory-and-Marxism)
            
    * [Eastern Civlization](#Eastern-civilization)
    
        * [Chinese philosophy](#Chinese-philosophy)
    
        * [Indian philosophy](#Indian-philosophy)
    
        * [Islamic philosophy](#Islamic-philosophy)
        
        * [Japanese philosophy](#Japanese-philosophy)

+ [Philosophy of other disciplines](#Philosophy-of-other-disciplines)

    * [Education](#Education)
    
    * [Religion](#Religion)

    * [Science](#Science)

        * [Mathematics](#Mathematics)

        * [Physics](#Physics)

        * [Computer science](#Computer-science)

        * [Neuroscience](#Neuroscience)
        
        * [Chemistry](#Chemistry)

        * [Biology](#Biology)

        * [Sociology](#Sociology)

        * [Psychology](#Psychology)
        
        * [Economics](#Economics)
        
    * [Arts and Humanities](#Arts-and-Humanities)

        * [Art](#Art)

        * [Music](#Music)

        * [Literatue](#Literature)

        * [Language](#Language)

        * [History](#History)
        
    * [Medicine](#Medicine)
    
    * [Law](#Ethics)
    
    * [Politics](#Politics)

## Ethics

### Classical ethics

* Aristotle "Nichomachean Ethics" "On Virtues and Vices"

### Christian and Medieval ethics

* Thomas Aquinas "Summa Theologica"

* Saint Bonaventure "Commentary on the Sentences"

* Duns Scotus "Philosophical Writings"

* William of Ockham "Sum of Logic"

### Modern ethics

* G. E. M. Anscombe "Modern Moral Philosophy"

* David Gauthier "Morals by Agreement"

* Alan Gewirth "Reason and Morality"

* Allan Gibbard "Thinking How to Live"

* Susan Hurley "Natural Reasons"

* Christine Korsgaard "The Sources of Normativity"

* John McDowell "Values and Secondary Qualities"

* Alasdair MacIntyre "After Virtue"

* J. L. Mackie "Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong"

* G. E. Moore "Principia Ethica"

* Martha Nussbaum "The Fragility of Goodness"

* Derek Parfit "Reasons and Persons"

* Derek Parfit "On What Matters"

* Peter Railton "Facts, Values, and Norms"

* W. D. Ross "The Right and the Good"

* Thomas M. Scanlon "What We Owe to Each Other"

* Samuel Scheffler "The Rejection of Consequentialism"

* Peter Singer "Practical Ethics"

* Michael A. Smith "The Moral Problem"

* Bernard Williams "Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy"

### Postmodern ethics

* Zygmunt Bauman "Postmodern Ethics"

* Terry Eagleton "The Illusions of Postmodernism"

### Bioethics

* Don Marquis "Why Abortion is Immoral"

* Paul Ramsey "The Patient as a Person" "Fabricated Man"

* Judith Jarvis Thomson "A Defense of Abortion"

## Meta-ethics (Metaethics)

* P. F. Strawson "Freedom and Resentment"

## Epistemology

* Laurence Bonjour "The Structure of Empirical Knowledge"

* Luc Bovens "Bayesian Epistemology"

* Stanley Cavell "The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy"

* Roderick Chisholm "Theory of Knowledge"

* Keith DeRose "The Case for Contextualism"

* René Descartes "Discourse on the Method", "Meditations on First Philosophy"

* Edmund Gettier "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?"

* Alvin Goldman "Epistemology and Cognition" "What is Justified Belief?"

* Susan Haack "Evidence and Enquiry"

* Hilary Kornblith "Knowledge and its Place in Nature"

* Jonathan Kvanvig "The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding"

* David K. Lewis "Elusive Knowledge"

* G. E. Moore "A Defence of Common Sense"

* Willard van Orman Quine "Epistemology Naturalized"

* Richard Rorty "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature"

* Bertrand Russell "The Problems of Philosophy"

* Jason Stanley "Knowledge and Practical Interest"

* Stephen Stich "The Fragmentation of Reason"

* Peter Unger "Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism"

* Timothy Williamson "Knowledge and its Limits"

## Logic

* Donald Davidson "Truth and Meaning"

* Gottlob Frege "Begriffsschrift"

* Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems"

* Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"

* Charles Sanders Peirce "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"

* Alfred Tarski "The Concept of Truth"

## Aesthetics

* Theodor Adorno "Aesthetic Theory"

* R.G. Collingwood "The Principles of Art"

* Arthur C. Danto "After the End of Art"

* Nelson Goodman "Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols"

* George Santayana "The Sense of Beauty"

## Metaphysics

* Aristotle "Metaphysics"

* D.M. Armstrong "Universals and Scientific Realism"

* A. J. Ayer "Language, Truth, and Logic"

* Rudolf Carnap "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology"

* David Chalmers "Constructing the World"

* John Dewey "Experience and Nature"

* William James "Pragmatism"

* Immanuel Kant "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals"

* James Ladyman, Don Ross, David Spurrett, John Collier "Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalized"

* John McDowell "Mind and World"

* David Kellogg Lewis "On the Plurality of Worlds"

* Stephen Mumford "Dispositions"

* Derek Parfit "Reasons and Persons"

* Willard Van Orman Quine "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" "On What There Is"

* Theodore Sider "Writing the Book of the World"

* Alfred North Whitehead "Process and Reality"

* Timothy Williamson "Modal Logic as Metaphysics"

* Ludwig Wittgenstein "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" (a.k.a. The Tractatus)

## Philosophy of the mind

* D. M. Armstrong "A Materialist Theory of the Mind"

* Peter Carruthers "The Architecture of the Mind"

* David Chalmers "Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings" "The Character of Consciousness" "The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory"

* Paul Churchland "Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind"

* Andy Clark "Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension"

* Daniel Dennett  "Consciousness Explained"

* Jaegwon Kim "Philosophy of Mind"

* Ruth Millikan "Varieties of Meaning"

* Gilbert Ryle "The Concept of Mind"

## History of philosophy

### Western civilization

* Bertrand Russell "A History of Western Philosophy"

#### Classical philosophy

* Marcus Aurelius "Meditations""

* Plato "Symposium" "Parmenides" "Phaedrus"

#### Christian and Medieval

* Augustine of Hippo "Confessions" "The City of God"

* Anselm of Canterbury "Proslogion"

#### Early modern

* Sir Francis Bacon "Novum Organum"

* Jeremy Bentham "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation"

* Henri Bergson "Time and Free Will" "Matter and Memory"

* George Berkeley "Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge"

* Auguste Comte "Course of Positive Philosophy"

* René Descartes "Principles of Philosophy" "Passions of the Soul"

* Desiderius Erasmus "The Praise of Folly"

* Johann Gottlieb Fichte "Foundations of the Science of Knowledge"

* Hugo Grotius "De iure belli ac pacis"

* Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "Phenomenology of Spirit" "Science of Logic" "The Philosophy of Right" "The Philosophy of History"

* Thomas Hobbes "Leviathan"

* David Hume "A Treatise of Human Nature" "Four Dissertationss" "Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary" "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals"

* Immanuel Kant "A Critique of Pure Reason" "Critique of Practical Reason" "A Critique of Judgement"

* Søren Kierkegaard "Either/Or" "Fear and Trembling" "The Concept of Anxiety"

* Gottfried Leibniz "Discourse on Metaphysics" "New Essays Concerning Human Understanding" "Théodicée" "Monadology"

* John Locke "Two Treatises of Government" "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"

* Niccolò Machiavelli "The Prince"

* Karl Marx "The Communist Manifesto" "Das Kapital"

* John Stuart Mill "On Liberty "Utilitarianism"

* John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill "The Subjection of Women"

* Michel de Montaigne "Essays"

* Friedrich Nietzsche "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" "Beyond Good and Evil" "On the Genealogy of Morals"

* Blaise Pascal "Pensées"

* Jean-Jacques Rousseau "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences" "Emile: or, On Education" "The Social Contract"

* Arthur Schopenhauer "The World as Will and Representation"

* Henry Sidgwick "The Methods of Ethics"

* Adam Smith "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" "The Wealth of Nations"

* Herbert Spencer "System of Synthetic Philosophy"

* Baruch Spinoza "Ethics" "Tractatus Theologico-Politicus"

* Max Stirner "The Ego and Its Own"

* Mary Wollstonecraft "A Vindication of the Rights of Women"

#### Contemporary

##### Phenomenology and existentialism

* Simone de Beauvoir "The Second Sex"

* Albert Camus "Myth of Sisyphus"

* Martin Heidegger "Being and Time"

* Edmund Husserl "Logical Investigations" "Cartesian Meditations" "Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy"

* Maurice Merleau-Ponty "Phenomenology of Perception"

* Jean-Paul Sartre, "Being and Nothingness" "Critique of Dialectical Reason"

##### Hermeneutics and deconstruction

* Jacques Derrida "Of Grammatology"

* Hans-Georg Gadamer "Truth and Method"

* Paul Ricœur "Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation"

##### Structuralism and post-structuralism

* Michel Foucault "The Order of Things"

* Gilles Deleuze "Difference and Repetition"
 
* Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari "Capitalism and Schizophrenia"

* Luce Irigaray "Speculum of the Other Woman"

* Michel Foucault "Discipline and Punish"

##### Critical theory and Marxism

* Theodor Adorno "Negative Dialectics"

* Louis Althusser "Reading Capital"

* Alain Badiou "Being and Event"

* Jürgen Habermas "Theory of Communicative Action"

* Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno "Dialectic of Enlightenment"

* Georg Lukacs "History and Class Consciousness"

* Herbert Marcuse "Reason and Revolution" "Eros and Civilization"

### Eastern civilization

#### Chinese philosophy

* "The Record of Linji"

* Han Fei "Han Feizi"

* Kongzi "Analects" "Five Classics"

* Laozi "Dao De Jing"

* Mengzi "Mengzi"

* Sunzi "Art of War"

* Zhou Dunyi "The Taiji Tushuo"

* Zhu Xi "Four Books" "Reflections on Things at Hand"

#### Indian philosophy

* "The Upanishads"

* "The Bhagavad Gita" ("The Song of God")

* Aksapada Gautama "Nyaya Sutras"

* Isvarakrsna "Sankhya Karika"

* Kanada "Vaisheshika Sutra"

* Patañjali "Yoga Sutras"

* Swami Swatamarama "Hatha Yoga Pradipika"

* Vyasa "Brahma Sutras"

* Tami "Thiruvalluvar"

#### Islamic philosophy

* Al-Ghazali "The Incoherence of the Philosophers"

#### Japanese philosophy

* Hakuin Ekaku "Wild Ivy"

* Honen "One-Sheet Document"

* Kukai "Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence"

* Zeami Motokiyo "Style and Flower"

* Miyamoto Musashi "The Book of Five Rings"

* Shinran "Kyogyoshinsho"

* Dogen Zenji "Shōbōgenzō"

## Philosophy of other disciplines

### Education

* John Dewey "Democracy and Education"

* Terry Eagleton "The Slow Death of the University"

* Paulo Freire "Pedagogy of the Oppressed"

* Martha Nussbaum "Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities"

* B.F. Skinner "Walden Two"

* Charles Weingartner and Neil Postman "Teaching as a Subversive Activity"

### Religion

* William Lane Craig "The Kalam Cosmological Argument"

* J. L. Mackie "The Miracle of Theism"

* Dewi Zephaniah Phillips "Religion Without Explanation"

* Alvin Plantinga "God and Other Minds" "Is Belief in God Properly Basic"

* William Rowe "The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look"

* J. L. Schellenberg "Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason"

* Richard Swinburne "The Existence of God"

### Science

* Paul Feyerabend "Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge"

* Bas C. van Fraassen "The Scientific Image"

* Nelson Goodman "Fact, Fiction, and Forecast"

* Thomas Samuel Kuhn "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"

* Larry Laudan "The Demise of the Demarcation Problem"

* David K. Lewis "How to Define Theoretical Terms"

* Karl Pearson "The Grammar of Science"

* Karl Popper "The Logic of Scientific Discovery"

* Hans Reichenbach "The Rise of Scientific Philosophy"

#### Mathematics

* Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell "Principia Mathematica"

* Paul Benacerraf "What Numbers Could not Be" "Mathematical Truth"

* Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam "Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings"

* George Boolos "Logic, Logic and Logic"

* Hartry Field "Science without Numbers: The Defence of Nominalism"

* Imre Lakatos "Proofs and Refutations"

* Penelope Maddy "Second Philosophy"

#### Physics

* Aristotle "Physics"

* Michel Bitbol "Mécanique quantique : Une introduction philosophique" "Schrödinger’s Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics"

* Chris Isham and Jeremy Butterfield "On the Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity"

* Tim Lewens "The Meaning of Science: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science"

#### Computer science

* Scott Aaronson "Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity"

* Judea Pearl "Causality"

* Ray Turner "The Philosophy of Computer Science" "Computational Artefacts-Towards a Philosophy of Computer Science"

#### Neuroscience

* John Bickle "Revisionary Physicalism" "Psychoneural Reduction of the Genuinely Cognitive: Some Accomplished Facts" "Psychoneural Reduction: The New Wave" " Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account"

* Patricia Churchland "Brain-Wise : Studies in Neurophilosophy" "Neurophilosophy : Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain"

* Carl Craver "Explaining the brain : mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience"

* Georg Northoff "Philosophy of the Brain: The brain problem"

* Henrik Walter "Neurophilosophy of Free Will: From Libertarian Illusions to a Concept of Natural Autonomy"

#### Chemistry

* Jaap van Brakel "Philosophy of Chemistry"

#### Biology

* Daniel C. Dennett "Darwin's Dangerous Idea"

* Ruth Garrett Millikan "Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories"

* Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell"

* Elliott Sober "The Nature of Selection"

#### Sociology

* B. F. Skinner "Science and Human Behavior"

#### Psychology

* Donald Davidson "The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme"

* William James "The Principles of Psychology"

#### Economics

* Kenneth Arrow "Social Choice and Individual Values"

* Ludwig von Mises "The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science"

* Elizabeth S. Anderson "Value in Ethics and Economics"
        
### Arts and Humanities

* Bernard Williams "Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline"

#### Art

* Clive Bell "Art"

* George Dickie "Art and the Aesthetic"

#### Music

* Roger Scruton "Music as an Art"

#### Literature

* Aristotle "Poetics"

#### Language

* J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses" "How To Do Things With Words"

* Robert Brandom "Making it Explicit"

* Stanley Cavell "Must We Mean What We Say?"

* David Chalmers "Two Dimensional Semantics"

* Cora Diamond "What Nonsense Might Be"

* Michael Dummett "Frege: Philosophy of Language"

* Gottlob Frege "On Sense and Reference"

* H. P. Grice "Logic and Conversation"

* Saul Kripke "Naming and Necessity"

* David K. Lewis "General Semantics"

* Willard Van Orman Quine "Word and Object"

* Bertrand Russell "On Denoting"

* John Searle "Speech Acts"

* Ludwig Wittgenstein "Philosophical Investigations"

#### History

* R.G. Collingwood "The Idea of History"

* Karl Löwith "Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History"

### Medicine

* Mario Bunge "Medical Philosophy: Conceptual Issues in Medicine"

* R. Paul Thompson and Ross E. G. Upshur "Philosophy of Medicines"

### Law

* Ronald Dworkin "Law's Empire"

* John Finnis "Natural Law and Natural Rights"

* Lon L. Fuller "The Morality of Law"

* H.L.A. Hart "The Concept of Law"

### Politics

* Aristotle "Politics"

* Isaiah Berlin "Two Concepts of Liberty"

* Robert Nozick "Anarchy, State, and Utopia"

* Plato "Republic"

* Karl Popper "The Open Society and Its Enemies"

* John Rawls "A Theory of Justice"

* Michael Sandel "Liberalism and the Limits of Justice"

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