awesome-awesomeness/html/linux.html

<h1 align="center">
<a href="http://awesome.re"><img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/sindresorhus/awesome/d7305f38d29fed78fa85652e3a63e154dd8e8829/media/badge.svg" alt="awesome"></a>
Linux
</h1>
<p align="center">
We all know that Linux is awesome, but here’s a list of especially
awesome things related to the Linux ecosystem.
</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/3F0xXh8.jpg" alt="linux graphic" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">linux graphic</figcaption>
</figure>
<hr />
<p align="center">
You might also want to check
<a href="https://github.com/aleksandar-todorovic/awesome-c">awesome-c</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell">awesome-shell</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/n1trux/awesome-sysadmin">awesome-sysadmin</a>,
and
<a href="https://github.com/sbilly/awesome-security">awesome-security</a>.
</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="table-of-content">Table of Content</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#distributions">Distributions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#beginners">Beginners</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#elementary-os">elementary OS</a></li>
<li><a href="#fedora">Fedora</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-mint">Linux Mint</a></li>
<li><a href="#ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#intermediate">Intermediate</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#centos">CentOS</a></li>
<li><a href="#debian-gnulinux">Debian GNU/Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#mageia">Mageia</a></li>
<li><a href="#manjaro">Manjaro</a></li>
<li><a href="#opensuse">openSUSE</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#advanced">Advanced</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#arch-linux">Arch Linux</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#special-purpose">Special Purpose</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#coreos">CoreOS</a></li>
<li><a href="#kali-linux">Kali Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#puppy-linux">Puppy Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#ubuntu-studio">Ubuntu Studio</a></li>
<li><a href="#tails">Tails</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#learning-resources">Learning Resources</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#books">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="#courses">Courses</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#x-desktop-environments">X Desktop Environments</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gnome">GNOME</a></li>
<li><a href="#kde">KDE</a></li>
<li><a href="#xfce">Xfce</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde">LXDE</a></li>
<li><a href="#other-desktop-environments">Other Desktop
Environments</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#x-windows-managers">X Windows Managers</a></li>
<li><a href="#applications">Applications</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gui-based-applications">GUI-based Applications</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gnome-based">GNOME-based</a></li>
<li><a href="#pantheon-based">Pantheon-based</a></li>
<li><a href="#kde-based">KDE-based</a></li>
<li><a href="#not-based-on-any-desktop-environment">Not based on any
desktop environment</a></li>
<li><a href="#third-party-clients-for-online-services">Third-party
clients for online services</a></li>
<li><a href="#distro-based-package-management-tools">Package management
and creation tools</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#console-based-applications-and-tools">Console-based
Applications and Tools</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></li>
<li><a href="#license">License</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="distributions">Distributions</h2>
<p>Distributions are organized into three different categories: for
<strong>beginners</strong>, for <strong>intermediate</strong> users and
for <strong>advanced</strong> users. In those categories, the
distributions are organized in the alphabetical order.</p>
<h3 id="beginners">Beginners</h3>
<h4 id="elementary-os"><a href="http://elementary.io/">elementary
OS</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>elementary OS is an Ubuntu-based desktop distribution. Some of its
more interesting features include a custom desktop environment called
Pantheon and many custom apps including Photos, Music, Videos, Calendar,
Terminal, Files, and more. It also comes with some familiar apps like
the Epiphany web browser and a fork of Geary mail.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> elementary OS Juno (5.0)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> Pantheon</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://elementary.io/images/screenshots/desktop.jpg"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="fedora"><a href="https://getfedora.org/">Fedora</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Fedora (formerly Fedora Core) is a Linux distribution developed by
the community-supported Fedora Project and owned by Red Hat. Fedora
contains software distributed under a free and open-source license and
aims to be on the leading edge of such technologies. Fedora has a
reputation for focusing on innovation, integrating new technologies
early on and working closely with upstream Linux communities. The
default desktop in Fedora is the GNOME desktop environment and the
default interface is the GNOME Shell. Other desktop environments,
including KDE, Xfce, LXDE, MATE and Cinnamon, are available. Fedora
Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora called Fedora
spins. These are built with specific sets of software packages, offering
alternative desktop environments or targeting specific interests such as
gaming, security, design, scientific computing and robotics.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Fedora Twenty Nine (29)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> GNOME</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/fedora.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="linux-mint"><a href="http://linuxmint.com/">Linux Mint</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Linux Mint is an Ubuntu-based distribution whose goal is to provide a
more complete out-of-the-box experience by including browser plugins,
support for DVD playback, Java and other components. It also adds a
custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, and a
web-based package installation interface. Linux Mint is compatible with
Ubuntu software repositories.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Linux Mint Tessa (19.1)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> Cinnamon and MATE</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/mint.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="ubuntu"><a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/">Ubuntu</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Ubuntu is a complete desktop Linux operating system, freely available
with both community and professional support. The Ubuntu community is
built on the ideas enshrined in the Ubuntu Manifesto: that software
should be available free of charge, that software tools should be usable
by people in their local language and despite any disabilities, and that
people should have the freedom to customise and alter their software in
whatever way they see fit. “Ubuntu” is an ancient African word, meaning
“humanity to others”. The Ubuntu distribution brings the spirit of
Ubuntu to the software world.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Ubuntu 18.10</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> GNOME</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/ubuntu.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="intermediate">Intermediate</h3>
<h4 id="centos"><a href="https://www.centos.org/">CentOS</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>CentOS as a group is a community of open source contributors and
users. Typical CentOS users are organisations and individuals that do
not need strong commercial support in order to achieve successful
operation. CentOS is 100% compatible rebuild of the Red Hat Enterprise
Linux, in full compliance with Red Hat’s redistribution requirements.
CentOS is for people who need an enterprise class operating system
stability without the cost of certification and support.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> CentOS 7.1810</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> GNOME</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/centos.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="debian-gnulinux"><a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian
GNU/Linux</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made
common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system is
called Debian. Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a
completely free piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and
supported by thousands of programmers worldwide. Of course, the thing
that people want is application software: programs to help them get what
they want to do done, from editing documents to running a business to
playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 50,000
packages (precompiled software that is bundled up in a nice format for
easy installation on your machine) - all of it free. It’s a bit like a
tower. At the base is the kernel. On top of that are all the basic
tools. Next is all the software that you run on the computer. At the top
of the tower is Debian – carefully organizing and fitting everything so
it all works together.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Debian Stretch (9.6)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> GNOME</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/debian.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="mageia"><a href="http://www.mageia.org/">Mageia</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Mageia is a fork of Mandriva Linux formed in September 2010 by former
employees and contributors to the popular French Linux distribution.
Unlike Mandriva, which is a commercial entity, the Mageia project is a
community project and a non-profit organisation whose goal is to develop
a free Linux-based operating system.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Mageia 6.1</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> KDE</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/mageia.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="manjaro"><a href="https://manjaro.org/">Manjaro</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Manjaro Linux is a fast, user-friendly, desktop-oriented operating
system based on Arch Linux. Key features include intuitive installation
process, automatic hardware detection, stable rolling-release model,
ability to install multiple kernels, special Bash scripts for managing
graphics drivers and extensive desktop configurability. Manjaro Linux
offers Xfce as the core desktop options, as well as a minimalist Net
edition for more advanced users. Community-supported GNOME 3/Cinnamon
and KDE flavours are available. Users also benefit from the supportive
and vibrant Manjaro community forum.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Manjaro 18.0.2</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> XFCE, KDE</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/manjaro.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="opensuse"><a href="http://www.opensuse.org/">openSUSE</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The openSUSE project is a community program sponsored by SUSE Linux
and other companies. Promoting the use of Linux everywhere, this program
provides free, easy access to openSUSE, a complete Linux distribution.
The openSUSE project has three main goals: make openSUSE the easiest
Linux for anyone to obtain and the most widely used Linux distribution;
leverage open source collaboration to make openSUSE the world’s most
usable Linux distribution and desktop environment for new and
experienced Linux users; dramatically simplify and open the development
and packaging processes to make openSUSE the platform of choice for
Linux developers and software vendors.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> openSUSE Leap 15.0 and openSUSE
Tumbleweed (Rolling Release system)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> KDE, GNOME, XFCE, LXDE
(Choose on installation)</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://distrowatch.com/images/cgfjoewdlbc/opensuse.png"
alt="default look" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">default look</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="advanced">Advanced</h3>
<h4 id="arch-linux"><a href="https://www.archlinux.org/">Arch
Linux</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Arch Linux is an independently developed, x86_64-optimised Linux
distribution targeted at competent Linux users. It uses ‘pacman’, its
home-grown package manager, to provide updates to the latest software
applications with full dependency tracking. Operating on a rolling
release system, Arch can be installed from a CD image or via an FTP
server. The default install provides a solid base that enables users to
create a custom installation. In addition, the Arch Build System (ABS)
provides a way to easily build new packages, modify the configuration of
stock packages, and share these packages with other users via the Arch
Linux user repository.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Latest version:</strong> Not applicable (Rolling Release
system)</p>
<p><strong>Default Desktop Environment:</strong> Not applicable (there’s
no default Desktop environment)</p>
<h3 id="special-purpose">Special Purpose</h3>
<h4 id="coreos"><a href="https://coreos.com/">CoreOS</a></h4>
<p><strong>Specialty:</strong> Clusters</p>
<blockquote>
<p>CoreOS is a Linux-based operating system for servers. Built from the
ground up and designed primarily for the modern data centre, CoreOS
provides specialist tools for making the system secure, reliable and
up-to-date. Some of the more interesting features of the distribution
include reliable updates and patches via FastPatch, a dashboard for
managing rolling updates via CoreUpdate, a docker for packaging
applications, as well as support for bare metal and many cloud
providers.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="kali-linux"><a href="http://www.kali.org/">Kali Linux</a></h4>
<p><strong>Specialty:</strong> Penetration testing</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack) is a Debian-based
distribution with a collection of security and forensics tools. It
features timely security updates, support for the ARM architecture, a
choice of four popular desktop environments, and seamless upgrades to
newer versions.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="puppy-linux"><a href="http://puppylinux.org/">Puppy
Linux</a></h4>
<p><strong>Specialty:</strong> Low system requirements</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Puppy Linux is yet another Linux distribution. What’s different here
is that Puppy is extraordinarily small, yet quite full-featured. Puppy
boots into a ramdisk and, unlike live CD distributions that have to keep
pulling stuff off the CD, it loads into RAM. This means that all
applications start in the blink of an eye and respond to user input
instantly. Puppy Linux has the ability to boot off a flash card or any
USB memory device, CDROM, Zip disk or LS/120/240 Superdisk, floppy
disks, internal hard drive. It can even use a multisession formatted
CD-RW/DVD-RW to save everything back to the CD/DVD with no hard drive
required at all.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="ubuntu-studio"><a href="http://ubuntustudio.org/">Ubuntu
Studio</a></h4>
<p><strong>Specialty:</strong> Multimedia creation</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Ubuntu Studio is a variant of Ubuntu aimed at the GNU/Linux audio,
video and graphic enthusiast as well as professional. The distribution
provides a collection of open-source applications available for
multimedia creation.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="tails"><a
href="https://tails.boum.org/index.en.html">Tails</a></h4>
<p><strong>Specialty:</strong> Incognito live system</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tails is a live system that aims to preserve your privacy and
anonymity. It helps you to use the Internet anonymously and circumvent
censorship almost anywhere you go and on any computer but leaving no
trace unless you ask it to explicitly. It is a complete operating system
designed to be used from a USB stick or a DVD independently of the
computer’s original operating system. It is Free Software and based on
Debian GNU/Linux. Tails comes with several built-in applications
pre-configured with security in mind: web browser, instant messaging
client, email client, office suite, image and sound editor, etc.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="learning-resources">Learning Resources</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<h4 id="the-linux-command-line-4.36-free"><a
href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11724436-the-linux-command-line">The
Linux Command Line</a> [4.36] [<a
href="http://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php">FREE</a>]</h4>
<p>This is a great introduction to the Linux command line. - <a
href="https://github.com/4iar/"><span class="citation"
data-cites="4iar">@4iar</span></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>You’ve experienced the shiny, point-and-click surface of your Linux
computer—now dive below and explore its depths with the power of the
command line.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4
id="the-debian-administrators-handbook-debian-wheezy-from-discovery-to-mastery-4.83-free"><a
href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20839133-the-debian-administrator-s-handbook-debian-wheezy-from-discovery-to-mas">The
Debian Administrator’s Handbook, Debian Wheezy from Discovery to
Mastery</a> [4.83] [<a
href="https://debian-handbook.info/get/now/">FREE</a>]</h4>
<p>Good book that teaches you the basics of Debian GNU/Linux
administration. - <a href="https://github.com/elninosi"><span
class="citation" data-cites="elninosi">@elninosi</span></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>It covers all the topics that a competent Linux administrator should
master, from the installation, update of the system, up to the creation
of packages and the compilation of the kernel, but also monitoring,
backup and migration. Plus advanced topics to secure services, automated
installations, or virtualization.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="bash-shell-scripting-free">Bash Shell Scripting [<a
href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bash_Shell_Scripting">FREE</a>]</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Currently this book provides an introduction level knowledge of
Bash.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="courses">Courses</h3>
<h4 id="introduction-to-linux-lfs101x-1-free"><a
href="https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-linux-linuxfoundationx-lfs101x-1">Introduction
to Linux (LFS101x-1)</a> [Free]</h4>
<p>Organized by the Linux Foundation, it’s a great free course to learn
basics about Linux. - <a
href="https://github.com/aleksandar-todorovic"><span class="citation"
data-cites="aleksandar-todorovic">@aleksandar-todorovic</span></a></p>
<h4 id="linux-alternatives-to-windows-applications-free"><a
href="https://www.udemy.com/linux-alternatives-for-windows-applications/?dtcode=nEiIHId38AHS">Linux
Alternatives to Windows Applications</a> [Free]</h4>
<p>If you used Windows and decided to switch to Linux, this course
should help you to find their alternatives. It’s pretty short and you
can finish it in a day. - <a
href="https://github.com/aleksandar-todorovic"><span class="citation"
data-cites="aleksandar-todorovic">@aleksandar-todorovic</span></a></p>
<h3 id="bash-learning-resources">Bash Learning Resources</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://www.slideshare.net/a_z_e_t/inpresentation">Beautiful Bash:
Let’s make reading and writing bash scripts fun again!</a></li>
<li><a href="http://kvz.io/blog/2013/11/21/bash-best-practices/">Best
Practices for Writing Bash Scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/shell.xml">Shell Style
Guide</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://hackaday.com/2017/07/21/linux-fu-better-bash-scripting/">Linux
Fu: Better Bash Scripting</a></li>
<li><a href="https://linux.die.net/Bash-Beginners-Guide/">Bash Guide for
Beginners</a></li>
<li><a href="https://linux.die.net/abs-guide/">Advanced Bash-Scripting
Guide</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="x-desktop-environments">X Desktop Environments</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>You cannot talk about a unified Linux look because there is no such
thing.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure>
<img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/standards.png"
alt="relevant XKCD" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">relevant XKCD</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="gnome"><a href="https://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>GNOME 3 is an easy and elegant way to use your computer. It is
designed to put you in control and bring freedom to everybody. GNOME 3
is developed by the GNOME community, a diverse, international group of
contributors that is supported by an independent, non-profit
foundation.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure>
<img
src="https://www.gnome.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/activities-overview-3.16-940x529.png"
alt="screenshot" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">screenshot</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="kde"><a href="https://www.kde.org">KDE</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The KDE® Community is an international technology team dedicated to
creating a free and user-friendly computing experience, offering an
advanced graphical desktop, a wide variety of applications for
communication, work, education and entertainment and a platform to
easily build new applications upon. We have a strong focus on finding
innovative solutions to old and new problems, creating a vibrant
atmosphere open for experimentation.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure>
<img
src="https://www.kde.org/announcements/plasma5.0/screenshots/desktop.png"
alt="screenshot" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">screenshot</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="xfce"><a href="http://www.xfce.org/">Xfce</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment for UNIX-like operating
systems. It aims to be fast and low on system resources, while still
being visually appealing and user friendly.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure>
<img
src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Xfce-4.4.png"
alt="screenshot" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">screenshot</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="lxde"><a href="http://lxde.org/">LXDE</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The “Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment” is an extremely
fast-performing and energy-saving desktop environment. Maintained by an
international community of developers, it comes with a beautiful
interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and
additional features like tabbed file browsing. LXDE uses less CPU and
less RAM than other environments. It is especially designed for cloud
computers with low hardware specifications, such as netbooks, mobile
devices (e.g. MIDs) or older computers. LXDE can be installed on many
Linux distributions including Debian, Fedora, OpenSUSE and Ubuntu. It is
the standard for Knoppix and lubuntu. LXDE also runs on OpenSolaris and
BSD. LXDE provides a fast desktop experience; connecting easily with
applications in the cloud. LXDE supports a wealth of programs that can
be installed locally with Linux systems. The source code of LXDE is
licensed partly under the terms of the GNU General Public License and
partly under the LGPL.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure>
<img
src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/LXDE_desktop_full.png"
alt="screenshot" />
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">screenshot</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="other-desktop-environments">Other Desktop Environments</h4>
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://developer.linuxmint.com/projects/cinnamon-projects.html">Cinnamon</a>
- Strives to provide a traditional user experience.</li>
<li><a href="https://edeproject.org/">EDE</a> - Small desktop
environment built to be responsive, light in resource usage and to have
a familiar look and feel.</li>
<li><a href="http://lxqt.org/">LXQt</a> - Qt port and the upcoming
version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product
of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A
lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop
environment.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mate-desktop.org/">MATE</a> - Provides an
intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional
metaphors. Fork of GNOME 2.</li>
<li><a href="https://elementary.io">Pantheon</a> - Pantheon is the
default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS
distribution. The desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and
macOS.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="x-windows-managers">X Windows Managers</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://unauthorised.org/dhog/9wm.html">9wm</a> - Window
manager that attempts to emulate the Plan 9 window manager 8-1/2 as far
as possible within the constraints imposed by X.</li>
<li><a href="https://awesomewm.org/">awesome</a> - Highly configurable
window manager for X. Fast and extensible.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/bradleythughes/blackbox">Blackbox</a> -
Lightweight window manager for the X window system, without library
dependencies. Built using C++.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/baskerville/bspwm">bspwm</a> - Tiling
window manager that represents windows as the leaves of a full binary
tree.</li>
<li><a href="https://launchpad.net/compiz">Compiz</a> - OpenGL
compositing window manager. It has a plug-in system to be changed at
runtime.</li>
<li><a href="http://dwm.suckless.org/">dwm</a> - Dynamic window manager
for X. It manages windows in tiled, monocle and floating layouts. All of
the layouts can be applied dynamically, optimising the environment for
the application and task performed.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.enlightenment.org/">Enlightenment</a> - Window
manager bundled with a whole suite of libraries to help you create
beautiful user interfaces.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">Fluxbox</a> - Window manager for
X, lightweight and easy to handle but full of features to make an easy
and fast desktop experience. Built using C++.</li>
<li><a href="http://fvwm.org/">FVWM</a> - ICCCM-compliant multiple
virtual desktop window manager for X. Extremely powerful.</li>
<li><a href="http://i3wm.org/">i3</a> - Tiling window manager.
BSD-licensed. Primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.</li>
<li><a href="https://ice-wm.org/">IceWM</a> - Window manager with the
goal of being fast, simple, and not getting in the user’s way.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.joewing.net/projects/jwm/">JWM</a> - Lightweight
window manager for X11. Good choice for older and/or less powerful
systems, though perfectly capable of running on modern systems. Built
using C.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.yoctoproject.org/software-item/matchbox/">Matchbox</a>
- Environment for X running on non-desktop embedded platforms such as
handhelds, set-top boxes, kiosks and anything else for which screen
space, input mechanisms or system resources are limited.</li>
<li><a href="https://download.gnome.org/sources/mutter/">Mutter</a> -
Window manager for X. Default window manager in GNOME 3.</li>
<li><a href="http://openbox.org/wiki/Main_Page">Openbox</a> - Highly
configurable window manager with extensive standards support.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nongnu.org/ratpoison/">ratpoison</a> - A simple
window manager with no library dependencies, no graphics, and no
decorations. Modeled after GNU Screen.</li>
<li><a href="http://sawfish.tuxfamily.org/">Sawfish</a> - Extensible
window manager. Its aim is to manage windows in the most flexible and
attractive manner possible. Built using Lisp-based scripting
language.</li>
<li><a href="https://code.google.com/p/wmii/">wmii</a> - Small,
scriptable window manager, with a 9P filesystem interface and an
acme-like layout.</li>
<li><a href="http://xmonad.org/">xmonad</a> - Dynamically tiling X11
window manager. Makes work easier by automating aligning and searching
for windows. Built using Haskell.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="applications">Applications</h2>
<p>The list of awesome Linux applications that you should be using.</p>
<p>If you’re looking for some pro-tips for your favorite text editor,
you might be interested in <a
href="https://github.com/mehcode/awesome-atom">awesome-atom</a>, <a
href="https://github.com/dreikanter/sublime-bookmarks">sublime-bookmarks</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/mhinz/vim-galore">vim-galore</a>, <a
href="https://github.com/emacs-tw/awesome-emacs">awesome-emacs</a>, or
<a
href="https://github.com/viatsko/awesome-vscode">awesome-vscode</a>.</p>
<h3 id="gui-based-applications">GUI-based Applications</h3>
<h4 id="gnome-based">GNOME-based</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Builder">Builder</a> - IDE for
GNOME that is focused on bringing the power of the GNOME platform to
more developers.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Evince">Evince</a> - The most
popular document viewer on the GNOME platform.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit">Gedit</a> - Powerful
general purpose text editor.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Polari">Polari</a> - IRC client
built to be easy to use.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Todo">To Do</a> - Minimalistic
personal task manager designed to fit right into your GNOME
desktop.</li>
</ul>
<p>For more GNOME-based apps, visit: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps</p>
<h4 id="pantheon-based">Pantheon-based</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://jangernert.github.io/FeedReader/">FeedReader</a> -
RSS desktop client able to integrate with multiple online services.</li>
<li><a href="http://manuel-kehl.de/projects/go-for-it/">Go For It!</a> -
To-do list with built-in productivity timer.</li>
<li><a href="http://parnold-x.github.io/nasc/">NaSC</a> - Intelligent
calculator app.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Philip-Scott/Spice-up">Spice-Up</a> -
Desktop presentation app.</li>
<li><a href="http://vocalproject.net/">Vocal</a> - Podcast client for
the modern desktop.</li>
</ul>
<p>For more Pantheon-based apps, visit <a
href="https://quassy.github.io/elementary-apps/">elementary-apps</a>.</p>
<h4 id="kde-based">KDE-based</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://userbase.kde.org/Dolphin">Dolphin</a> - File
manager for KDE focusing on usability.</li>
<li><a href="https://krita.org/en/">Krita</a> - Painting program.</li>
</ul>
<p>For more KDE-based apps, visit: https://www.kde.org/applications/</p>
<h4 id="not-based-on-any-desktop-environment">Not based on any desktop
environment</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://atom.io">Atom</a> - Hackable text editor for the
21st century.</li>
<li><a href="http://wereturtle.github.io/ghostwriter/">ghostwriter</a> -
Distraction-free Markdown editor.</li>
<li><a href="https://gparted.sourceforge.io/">GParted</a> - The most
popular disk partitioning software out there.</li>
<li><a href="https://kodi.tv/">Kodi</a> - Most popular entertainment
center.</li>
<li><a href="https://pwmt.org/projects/zathura/">Zathura</a> - Highly
customizable document viewer. It provides a minimalistic and space
saving interface as well as an easy usage that mainly focuses on
keyboard interaction.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.balena.io/etcher/">Etcher</a> - Flash OS images
to SD cards and USB drives, safely and easily.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="third-party-clients-for-online-services">Third-party clients for
online services</h4>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Q:</strong> Why third-party apps? Why not the official
clients?</p>
<p><strong>A:</strong> Because, in 99% of the cases, official clients
are proprietary.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://corebird.baedert.org/">Corebird</a> - Twitter
client.</li>
<li><a href="http://gnome-twitch.vinszent.com/">GNOME Twitch</a> -
Twitch player.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/caprine/">Caprine</a> -
Facebook’s Messenger client with some added privacy features.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sidneys/pb-for-desktop">PB for
Desktop</a> - Pushbullet client.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/terkelg/ramme">ramme</a> - Instagram
client.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/CellarD0-0r/whatever">Whatever</a> -
Evernote client based on the web version.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="package-management-and-creation-tools">Package management and
creation tools</h4>
<p>Distro-oriented:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://launchpad.net/y-ppa-manager">Y PPA Manager</a>
(Ubuntu) - Manage PPAs and search for packages.</li>
<li><a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/pirut">pirut</a>
(Fedora) - Provides a set of graphical tools for managing software.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/">Synaptics</a> (Debian and
<code>.deb</code> users) - Graphical package management program for
<code>apt</code>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.opensuse.org/YaST_Software_Management">YaST</a>
(openSUSE) - Main package management tool on openSUSE.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/manatools/dnfdragora">dnfdragora</a>
(Fedora) - A GUI for the <code>dnf</code> package manager.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Jguer/yay">Yay</a> (Arch) - Yay is one
of the many wrappers to <code>pacman</code> which automatically
downloads and installs packages from AUR, a full list can be found <a
href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR_helpers">here</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/aurapm/aura">Aura</a> (Arch) - Secure,
multilingual package manager.</li>
</ul>
<p>Distro-independent:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/probonopd/AppImageKit">AppImageKit</a> -
Using AppImageKit you can package applications in the <a
href="http://appimage.org/">AppImage</a> format that runs on common
Linux-based operating systems, such as RHEL, CentOS, Ubuntu, Fedora,
debian and derivatives; one app = one file.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="console-based-applications-and-tools">Console-based Applications
and Tools</h3>
<p>You might also be interested in checking out <a
href="https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell">awesome-shell</a>, <a
href="https://github.com/awesome-lists/awesome-bash">awesome-bash</a>,
<a
href="https://github.com/unixorn/awesome-zsh-plugins">awesome-zsh-plugins</a>
or <a
href="https://github.com/jbucaran/awesome-fish">awesome-fish</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cmus.github.io/">cmus</a> - Small, fast and
powerful console music player.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck">fuck</a> - Command line
tool which corrects your previously mistyped command.</li>
<li><a href="https://git-scm.com/">git</a> - Distributed version control
system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects
with speed and efficiency.</li>
<li><a href="https://nicolargo.github.io/glances/">glances</a> -
Cross-platform system monitoring tool.</li>
<li><a href="http://hisham.hm/htop/">htop</a> - Nice looking,
customizable task manager.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nano-editor.org">nano</a> - Simple to use text
editor.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec">photorec</a> -
Useful tool for restoring deleted files.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ranger/ranger">ranger</a> - Vim-inspired
file manager for the console.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/KittyKatt/screenFetch">screenFetch</a> -
Fetches system/theme information in terminal.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck">shellcheck</a> -
Static analysis tool for shell scripts.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/speed-test">speed-test</a>
- Test your Internet connection speed and ping using <a
href="http://www.speedtest.net/">speedtest.net</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk">testdisk</a> - A
tool for disk partition recovery.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/jonas/tig">tig</a> - Text-mode interface
for git. It functions mainly as a Git repository browser.</li>
<li><a href="http://vim.org">vim</a> - Advanced text editor that seeks
to provide the power of the de-facto Unix editor ‘Vi’, with a more
complete feature set.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/MrRio/vtop">vtop</a> - Easily-extendable
activity monitor.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/uoaerg/wavemon">wavemon</a> - Monitoring
application for wireless network devices.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl">youtube-dl</a> - A tool
to download videos from YouTube and other video sites.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="useful-websites">Useful Websites</h2>
<h4 id="compute-freely"><a href="http://computefreely.org/">Compute
Freely</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>A friendly place to start for the Free &amp; Open Source Software and
Linux curious.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="alternativeto"><a
href="http://alternativeto.net">AlternativeTo</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Find better alternatives to the software you already use or a
replacement for software you cannot or do not want to use.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="linux-foundation"><a
href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/">Linux Foundation</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The Linux Foundation is a non-profit consortium dedicated to
fostering the growth of Linux. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation
sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and is supported by
leading Linux and open source companies and developers from around the
world.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="linux.com"><a href="http://www.linux.com/">Linux.com</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>For the community, by the community, Linux.com strives to be the
central source for informed, reasonable, and intelligent Linux
information, software, documentation and answers across the server,
desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="linux.org"><a href="http://www.linux.org/">Linux.org</a></h4>
<p>Although its design is outdated, Linux.org is (probably) the most
popular forum and it’s full of awesome Linux tutorials categorized by
their difficulty. - <a
href="https://github.com/aleksandar-todorovic"><span class="citation"
data-cites="aleksandar-todorovic">@aleksandar-todorovic</span></a></p>
<h4 id="kernel.org"><a
href="https://www.kernel.org/">Kernel.org</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The Linux Kernel Organization is a California Public Benefit
Corporation established in 2002 to distribute the Linux kernel and other
Open Source software to the public without charge.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="opensource.com"><a
href="http://opensource.com">Opensource.com</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Opensource.com is an online publication focused on how open source is
applied to different areas including business, education, government,
health, law and other disciplines of life.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Our goal is to further the open source way by sharing the open source
movement. Our community of readers is made up of those who believe that
open participation and sharing can tackle the business, social,
environmental, and technological challenges facing us today.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="linux.die"><a href="https://linux.die.net/">Linux.die</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Linux.die is a resource with documentation, tutorials, books, etc in
Linux.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p>This repository is licensed under the <a
href="http://www.wtfpl.net/">Do What the Fuck You Want to Public
License</a>. Its full content is located in the <code>LICENSE</code>
file.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/inputsh/awesome-linux">linux.md
Github</a></p>