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<h1 id="awesome-translations-awesome">Awesome Translations <a
href="https://awesome.re"><img src="https://awesome.re/badge-flat.svg"
alt="Awesome" /></a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>The transfer of the meaning of a text from one language to
another.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This list contains tools, books, articles, blogs, courses and
everything related to translations (<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation">t9n</a> - translation,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation">l10n</a> -
localization, <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation#Globalisation_versus_localisation">g11n</a>
- globalization, <a
href="https://www.definify.com/word/multilingualization#:~:text=Noun,into%2C%20or%20for%20multiple%20languages">m17n</a>
- multilingualization, <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation#Globalisation_versus_localisation">i18n</a>
- internationalization, synonymous with globalization).</p>
<h2 id="contents">Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#platforms">Platforms</a></li>
<li><a href="#apps">Apps</a></li>
<li><a href="#tools">Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="#articles">Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="#blogs">Blogs</a></li>
<li><a href="#online-courses">Online Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="#books">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="#other">Other</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="translations">Translations</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations">English</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations/tree/pl_PL">Polish</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511155347/https://github.com/JoseDeFreitas/awesome-translations/tree/es_ES">Spanish</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/niedev/awesome-translations/tree/it_IT">Italian</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/alexture/awesome-translations/tree/fr_FR">French</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="platforms">Platforms</h2>
<h3 id="localization-and-translation-platforms">Localization and
translation platforms</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://crowdin.com/">Crowdin</a> - Closed source
cloud-based localization technology and services company.</li>
<li><a href="https://inlang.com/">Inlang</a> - The globalization
ecosystem for software companies.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.localeapp.com/">LocaleApp</a> - App for
localization and translation.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.transifex.com/">Transifex</a> - Proprietary,
web-based translation platform, globalization management system
(GMS).</li>
<li><a href="https://weblate.org/">Weblate</a> - Copylefted libre
web-based continuous translation platform.</li>
<li><a href="https://simplelocalize.io">SimpleLocalize</a> - A simple
translation management for software projects.</li>
<li><a href="https://tolgee.io">Tolgee</a> - Open-source, developer
&amp; translator friendly platform enabling users to translate directly
in the app they develop.</li>
<li><a href="https://localit.io/">Localit</a> - A fast and intuitive
localization platform with seamless GitHub/GitLab integration,
AI-powered and human translation support, and a generous free plan.</li>
<li><a href="https://lokalise.com/">Lokalise</a> - Translation platform
for developers.</li>
<li><a href="https://locize.com/">Locize</a> - Proprietary translation
platform.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="project-management">Project management</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://zanata.org/">Zanata</a> - Web-based translation
platform for translators, content creators and developers to manage
localisation projects.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/traduora/traduora">Traduora</a> - A
platform to manage translation workflow in teams.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="platform-specific-tools">Platform-specific tools</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gitlocalize.com/">GitLocalize</a> - Powerful
localization platform that syncs with your GitHub repository and lets
you continuously translate its content.</li>
<li><a href="https://respresso.io/">Respresso</a> - Collaborative online
resource manager for localizations, images, colors, etc. that generates
platform-specific files and delivers them directly to your source
code.</li>
<li><a href="https://pofile.net/free-po-editor">PO file editor</a> - A
free tool for translating PO files for localization with Gettext.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="apps">Apps</h2>
<h3 id="automated-translation">Automated translation</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/niedev/RTranslator">RTranslator</a> - A
simultaneous translator app for Android based on NLLB and Whisper that
runs locally.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/crow-translate/crow-translate">Crow
Translate</a> - A simple and lightweight translator for Linux and
Windows that allows to translate and speak text using Google, Yandex and
Bing translate API.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/CopyTranslator/CopyTranslator">Copy
Translator</a> - An app for Windows, Mac and Linux that automatically
translate and adapt a text when copied in the clipboard.</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/uav4geo/LibreTranslate">LibreTranslate</a> -
100% Self-Hosted web app to translate text, based on Argos
Translate.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="translation-software">Translation software</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://omegat.org/">OmegaT</a> - Free translation memory /
CAT software that works on Windows, macOS and Linux.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-translate">Argos
Translate</a> - Completely open source offline translation app written
in Python and based on OpenNMT. It can also be used as a Python
library.</li>
<li><a href="https://inlang.com/m/tdozzpar">Fink</a> - Translation
editor / CAT software with no-code setup and repository-based
operation.</li>
<li><a href="https://projectfluent.org">Project Fluent</a> - Asymetric
translations (eg. gender variations) for localization.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<h3 id="automatic-translation-for-end-users">Automatic translation for
end users</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/browsermt">Bergamot</a> - Client-side
translation in the browser.</li>
<li><a href="https://alexatranslations.com/">Alexa Translations</a> -
Alexa Translations A.I. brings leading AI and machine translation to the
legal, financial and government sectors.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-language-translator">Watson
Language Translator</a> - A service on the IBM Cloud that enables
dynamically translation news, patents, or conversational documents.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.deepl.com/">DeepL Translator</a> - A neural
machine translation service launched in August 2017 and owned by Cologne
based DeepL SE.</li>
<li><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/translate/">Amazon Translate</a> - A
neural machine translation service.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.modernmt.com/">ModernMT</a> - A self-learning
machine translation service that improves from user corrections as user
keep using it.</li>
<li><a href="https://translator.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Translator</a>
- A multilingual machine translation cloud service provided by
Microsoft.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="libraries-and-tools-for-developers">Libraries and tools for
developers</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/nidhaloff/deep-translator">deep-translator</a>
- A flexible free and unlimited (depending on the translator used)
library written in Python to translate between different languages in a
simple way using multiple translators, it can also be used directly in
the prompt.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/UlionTse/translators">Translator</a> - A
translator library based on the translation interface of Google, Yandex,
Microsoft (Bing), Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, NetEase (Youdao), Sogou,
Deepl, etc.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.i18next.com/">I18next</a> -
Internationalization-framework written in and for JavaScript.</li>
<li><a href="https://react.i18next.com/">react-i18next</a> - Powerful
internationalization framework for React / React Native which is based
on i18next.</li>
<li><a
href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions/API/i18n">MDN
i18n</a> - Functions to internationalize your browser extension. You can
use these APIs to get localized strings from locale files packaged with
your extension.</li>
<li><a href="https://guides.rubyonrails.org/i18n.html">Ruby I18n</a> -
Rails internationalization (i18n) API.</li>
<li><a href="https://quasar.dev/options/app-internationalization">Quasar
I18n</a> - App internationalization (i18n) in Quasar framework.</li>
<li><a href="https://kazupon.github.io/vue-i18n/">Vue I18n</a> -
Internationalization plugin for Vue.js.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/antfu/i18n-ally">i18n Ally</a> -
Extension for VSCode, all in one about i18n.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/translate/translate">Translate</a> - A
set of software and documentation designed to help make the lives of
localizers both more productive and less frustrating.</li>
<li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/python-i18n/">Python-i18n</a> -
Python internationalization (i18n) package.</li>
<li><a
href="https://store.crowdin.com/products/crowdin-proxy-translator">Jsproxy
for Crowdin</a> - Add-on to Crowdin.</li>
<li><a href="https://momentjs.com/">Moment.js</a> - Parse, validate,
manipulate and display dates and times in JavaScript.</li>
<li><a href="https://wpml.org/">WPML</a> - A WordPress plugin that
allows running multilingual websites with a single WordPress
install.</li>
<li><a href="https://formatjs.io/">FormatJS</a> - A modular collection
of JavaScript libraries for internationalization that are focused on
formatting numbers, dates, and strings for displaying to people.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/untra/polyglot">Polyglot</a> - A fast,
painless, open-source internationalization plugin for Jekyll blogs.</li>
<li><a href="https://icu.unicode.org/">ICU - International Components
for Unicode</a> - A mature, widely used set of C/C++ and Java libraries
providing Unicode and Globalization support for software
applications.</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/">Django
docs - i18n</a> - Part of the Django docs, focused on
internationalization and localization.</li>
<li><a href="https://localizejs.com/">Localizejs</a> - Translations for
websites and applications to new languages and streamline translation
workflow.</li>
<li><a href="https://brownrw8.github.io/olelo-honua">ʻŌlelo Honua</a> -
Rapidly internationalize your website using LLMs &amp; novel
translate-&gt;critique-&gt;repair approach.</li>
<li><a href="https://inlang.com/m/gerre34r">ParaglideJS</a> -
Synchronous, typesafe and lightweight i18n library.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx-intl">sphinx-intl</a>
- A Sphinx utility that make it easy to translate and to apply
translations.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="machine-translation-for-developers">Machine translation for
developers</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/maximbilan/SwiftGoogleTranslate">SwiftGoogleTranslate</a>
- A framework to use cloud translation API by Google in Swift.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/fkirc/attranslate">attranslate</a> - A
tool for semi-automated translations of cross-platform apps or
websites.</li>
<li><a href="https://cloud.google.com/translate/automl/docs">AutoML
Translation Documentation</a> - AutoML Translation by Google.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="other-tools">Other tools</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/i18n">npm i18n</a> -
Lightweight simple translation module with dynamic json storage.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/translate/pootle">Pootle</a> - An online
translation management tool with a translation interface focused on
localization of applications’ graphical user interfaces. It is used by
LibreOffice.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/globalizejs/globalize">Globalize</a> - A
JavaScript library for internationalization and localization that
leverage the official Unicode CLDR JSON data.</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/simplelocalize/simplelocalize-cli">SimpleLocalize
CLI</a> - A CLI for finding translation keys in project files.</li>
<li><a
href="https://inlang.com/m/3gk8n4n4/app-inlang-ninjaI18nAction">Ninja
i18n</a> - A GitHub action for translation linting in pull
requests.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="articles">Articles</h2>
<h3 id="introductions-to-internationalization">Introductions to
internationalization</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/506743/localization-and-internationalization-whats-the-difference">Stack
Overflow Q&amp;A-1</a> - Localization and internationalization, what’s
the difference?</li>
<li><a
href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/754520/what-is-the-actual-differences-between-i18n-l10n-g11n-and-specifically-what-does">Stack
Overflow Q&amp;A-2</a> - What is the actual differences between
i18n/l10n/g11n and specifically what does each mean for
development?</li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n">W3C</a>
- Localization vs. internationalization.</li>
<li><a
href="https://blog.crowdin.com/2022/07/14/internationalization-vs-localization">Internationalization
vs. Localization: The Difference Between l10n and I18n</a> - Blog post
about the difference between l10n and I18n from Crowdin.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="for-developers">For developers</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://angular.io/guide/i18n">Angular and i18n</a> -
Angular i18n guide.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch08.en.html">Debian
manuals</a> - Chapter 8: i18n and l10n.</li>
<li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/webstore/i18n">Developer
Chrome i18n</a> - Internationalizing your app.</li>
<li><a
href="https://lx.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/berkeleylinguisticsdeptg11ncldr.pdf">Software
Globalization, Berkeley.edu - slides</a> - “Software globalization and
adding languages on computers and mobile devices” by Craig Cummings
(slides).</li>
<li><a
href="https://flutter.dev/docs/development/accessibility-and-localization/internationalization">Flutter
i18n</a> - Internationalizing Flutter apps.</li>
<li><a
href="https://simplelocalize.io/blog/posts/what-is-hreflang/">What is
‘hreflang’?</a> - What is <code>hreflang</code> attribute and how it can
affect your SERP.</li>
<li><a
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/localization?view=aspnetcore-6.0">Globalization
and localization in ASP.NET Core</a> - Article about Globalization and
localization in ASP.NET Core.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="understanding-computer-assisted-translation">Understanding
computer-assisted translation</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_translation">Computer-assisted
translation</a> - CAT (computer-aided translation) tools are typically
understood to mean programs that specifically facilitate the actual
translation process. This article describe: translation memory software,
language search-engine software, terminology management software,
alignment software, interactive machine translation, augmented
translation.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="machine-translation">Machine translation</h3>
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://engineering.fuoye.edu.ng/journal/index.php/engineer/article/view/26/pdf">Approaches
to Machine Translation</a> - A paper-review on different techniques for
machine translation.</li>
<li><a
href="https://jair.org/index.php/jair/article/view/12007/26611">Neural
Machine Translation</a> - A paper-review that trace back the origins of
modern NMT architectures to word and sentence embeddings and earlier
examples of the encoder-decoder network family. It will conclude with a
short survey of more recent trends in the field.</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/slone-nlp/awesome-new-languages-in-machine-translation">Awesome
New Languages in Machine Translation</a> - A list of initiatives for
supporting MT (mostly with opensource models) for new languages (mostly
lower-resourced ones).</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="blogs">Blogs</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://speakt.com/blog/">Speakt</a> - Well-rounded
resource, offering in-depth information from the best professionals in
the industry on everything related to translation.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.lexico.com/">Lexico</a> - Provides a collection
of dictionaries of English and Spanish, and curiosities about many words
and languages (in the “Explore” section). It is produced by Oxford
University Press.</li>
<li><a href="https://lingocode.com/translation-blog/">The Translator’s
Teacup</a> - Contains good tips for beginner translators.</li>
<li><a href="https://speakingoftranslation.com/">Speaking of
Translation</a> - Run by two outstanding experts in the field of
translation and localization. You can listen to audio files covering
their tips and opinions on the freelance translator’s work.</li>
<li><a href="http://kv-emptypages.blogspot.com/">eMpTy Pages</a> -
Presents extremely detailed descriptions and opinions about localization
management, collaborative translation platforms, translation management
systems, machine translation, as well as the localization industry’s
biggest players.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="online-courses">Online Courses</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://www.edx.org/professional-certificate/uwashingtonx-internationalization-and-localization">UWashingtonX’s
I18n and l10n</a> - A collection of 3 courses of internationalization
and internationalization for digital products provided by the University
of Washington.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/grammar-punctuation">Basic
English Grammar and punctuation</a> - English grammar course for
beginners provided by the University of California.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/intermediate-grammar">Intermediate
English Grammar and punctuation</a> - English grammar course for people
with experience provided by the University of California.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/advanced-grammar-punctuation#courses">Advanced
English Grammar and punctuation</a> - English grammar course for experts
provided by the University of California.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/natural-language-processing">Natural
Language Processing</a> - Teaches how to use machine learning to
understand and manipulate human language. It requires a working
knowledge of machine learning, intermediate Python experience including
DL frameworks &amp; proficiency in calculus, linear algebra, &amp;
statistics.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/machinetranslation">Machine
Translation</a> - Explains the basic principles of translation
algoritms. It is provided by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(Germany).</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="books">Books</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/statistical-machine-translation/94EADF9F680558E13BE759997553CDE5#fndtn-information">Statistical
Machine Translation</a> - Establishes background in NLP and statistics,
then develops the basics through to current research. By the end readers
can build their own translation systems. The author is <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Koehn">Philipp
Koehn</a>.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/neural-machine-translation/7AAA628F88ADD64124EA008C425C0197#fndtn-information">Neural
Machine Translation</a> - This introduction to machine translation
starts from the basics of neural network methods and reaches the state
of the art, while giving historical, linguistic, and applied context.
Code examples in Python give a hands-on blueprint for implementation.
The author is still Philipp Koehn.</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.amazon.com/Translation-advanced-resource-Routledge-Linguistics-ebook/dp/B07NPV8DSC/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8">Translation:
An advanced resource book for students</a> - Introduces the theory and
practice of translation from a variety of linguistic and cultural
angles. The authors are <a
href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IVydQ-4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en">Basil
Hatim</a> and <a
href="https://ahc.leeds.ac.uk/languages/staff/1006/professor-jeremy-munday">Jeremy
Munday</a>.</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/GILT-Forum/Globalization-Strategy-Playbook">Glocalization
Strategy Playbook</a> - A Guide for Localization and Globalization
Professionals by the GILT forum.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="other">Other</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://crowdsource.google.com/">Google Crowdsource</a> -
Crowdsourcing platform developed by Google intended to improve a host of
Google services through the user-facing training of different algorithms
(with translation and translation validation section).</li>
<li><a href="https://www.localizationlab.org/">LocalizationLab</a> -
Global community of 7000+ contributors who support the translation and
localization of Internet freedom tools.</li>
<li><a href="https://pontoon.mozilla.org/">Pontoon</a> - Various Mozilla
localization projects.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="contributing">Contributing</h2>
<p>Warmly welcome! Kindly go through <a
href="CONTRIBUTING.md">Contribution Guidelines</a> and <a
href="CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md">Code of Conduct</a> first.</p>
<p><a
href="https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations">translations.md
Github</a></p>