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  <sup>Inspired by Sindre Sorhus's <a href="https://awesome.re">awesome list</a> of awesome lists</sup>
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# [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge-flat.svg)](https://awesome.re)

A list of connectivity indexes, maps, and reports to help you better understand who has access to communication infrastructure and on what terms. All info in the public domain.

<sub>More on connectivity on my [website](https://manypossibilities.net) or on <a rel="me" href="https://mastodon.cloud/@stevesong">Mastodon</a>.</sub>

## Contents

- [](#)
  - [Contents](#contents)
  - [Global Connectivity Indexes](#global-connectivity-indexes)
  - [Connectivity Maps](#connectivity-maps)
  - [Periodic Global Connectivity Reports](#periodic-global-connectivity-reports)
  - [Regional Connectivity Reports and Data](#regional-connectivity-reports-and-data)
  - [Other sources](#other-sources)
  - [License](#license)

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## Global Connectivity Indexes

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- ITU Global Connectivity Report - ([2022](https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/global-connectivity-report-2022/)) - a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity.
- [ITU Measuring digital development](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/facts/default.aspx) - Facts and Figures. ([2023](https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/d-ind-ict_mdd-2023-1-pdf-e.pdf))  ([March 2023 - Focus on Least Developed Countries​](https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-ind-ict_mdd-2023/)) ([2022](https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-ind-ict_mdd-2022/)) ([2021](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf)) ([2020](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2020.pdf))  ([2019](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2019.pdf)) ([2017](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf)).
- Network Readiness Index - ([2023](https://networkreadinessindex.org/wp-content/uploads/reports/nri_2023.pdf)) ([2022](https://networkreadinessindex.org/wp-content/uploads/reports/nri_2022.pdf)) ([2021](https://networkreadinessindex.org/wp-content/uploads/reports/nri_2021.pdf)) ([2020](https://networkreadinessindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/NRI-2020-V8_28-11-2020.pdf)) ([2019](https://networkreadinessindex.org/2019/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/The-Network-Readiness-Index-2019-New-version-March-2020-2.pdf)) Network Readiness Index covering 121 economies from Portulans Institute
- [GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index](https://www.mobileconnectivityindex.com/) - (2022) Measures countries against four enablers of mobile internet adoption: Infrastructure, Affordability, Consumer Readiness and Content.
- A4AI Affordability Drivers Index - ([2021](https://a4ai.org/affordability-report/data/?_year=2021&indicator=INDEX))([2020](https://a4ai.org/affordability-report/data/?_year=2020&indicator=INDEX)) - Index of internet affordability by the Alliance for Affordable Internet Access ([A4AI](https://a4ai.org)).
- A4AI Mobile Broadband Data Costs - ([2020](https://a4ai.org/extra/baskets/A4AI/2020/mobile_broadband_pricing_gni))([Q4 2018](https://a4ai.org/extra/mobile_broadband_pricing_usd-2018Q4)) ([2017](https://a4ai.org/mobile-broadband-pricing-data/)) Price of Broadband Data (1GB mobile prepaid) as % of GNI per capita.
- [Inclusive Internet Index](https://theinclusiveinternet.eiu.com/) - (2022) Index sponsored by Meta measuring internet connectivity against Availability, Affordability, Relevance and Readiness.
- [Huawei Global Connectivity Index](https://www.huawei.com/minisite/gci/en/) - (2020) Snapshot of 50 nations’ "Digital Transformation" status measured against Supply, Demand, Experience and Potential.
- [Cisco Visual Networking Index](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/index.html) - Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022 White Paper.
- [ITU Broadband Atlas](https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/atlas/broadbandatlas.asp) - (2010) Interactive infographic tool showcasing the status of broadband deployment worldwide and the regulatory landscape for broadband.
- [InternetLiveStats](http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country/) - (2016) Internet Users by Country, interpolated from ITU, United Nations Population Division, Internet & Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), and World Bank data.
- [Internet World Stats](https://www.internetworldstats.com/) - Internet users compiled from Nielsen and ITU statistics.
- [ITU ICT Development Index](http://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/) - (2017) Composite index based on three pillars, ICT Access, ICT Use, and ICT Skills.
- [World Economic Forum - Networked Readiness Index](http://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2016/networked-readiness-index/) - (2016).
- [UN E-Government Knowledge Database](https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data-Center) - (2016).
- [Speedtest Global Index](http://www.speedtest.net/global-index) - (2022) Index of mobile and fixed broadband speeds from around the world on a monthly basis.
- cable.co.uk's Worldwide Broadband Price Comparison - ([2022](https://www.cable.co.uk/mobiles/worldwide-data-pricing/)) ([2019](https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/speed/worldwide-speed-league/)) ([2018](https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/pricing/worldwide-comparison/))  Index of broadband costs around the world based on fixed line/wireless access.
- [Internet Poverty Index](https://internetpoverty.io/) - The Internet Poverty Index from [World Data Lab.](https://worddatalab.com/) 

## Connectivity Maps

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- [African Undersea Cables](https://manypossibilities.net/african-undersea-cables/) - Steve Song's map of African undersea fibre optic cables.
- [African Terrestrial Fibre Optic Infrastructure](https://afterfibre.nsrc.org/) - Map of African terrestrial fibre networks, Creative Commons, Open Data.
- [Global CDN Infrastructure Map](https://opentelecomdata.org/cdns/) - Steve Song's open data map of Content Distribution Networks around the world.
- [Africa Telecoms Map 2024](https://africa-map-2024.telegeography.com/) - Telegeography's 2024 map of African telecoms including undersea cables, international bandwidth, and cloud data centres.
- [Africa Bandwidth Maps](http://www.africabandwidthmaps.com/) - Paul Hamilton's map of African terrestrial fibre and microwave networks.
- [Telegeography Submarine Cable Map](https://www.submarinecablemap.com/) - Interactive submarine fibre optic cables.
- Telegeography Annual Submarine Cable Update - ([2022](http://submarine-cable-map-2022.telegeography.com/)) ([2021](http://submarine-cable-map-2021.telegeography.com/)) ([2020](http://submarine-cable-map-2020.telegeography.com/))  ([2019](http://submarine-cable-map-2019.telegeography.com/)) ([2018](http://submarine-cable-map-2018.telegeography.com/))  
- [Telegeography Cloud Infrastructure Map](https://www.cloudinfrastructuremap.com/) - Map of cloud infastructure providers around the world.
- [ITU Interactive Transmission Map](http://www.itu.int/itu-d/tnd-map-public/) - Online map of terrestrial fibre and microwave networks from ITU.
- [GSMA Mobile Coverage Maps @ Mobile World Live](http://maps.mobileworldlive.com/) - Somewhat dated but still useful map of mobile network coverage on country by country basis.
- [Hurricane Electric 3D map](http://he.net/3d-map/) -  Interactive 3D map of undersea cables and Hurrican Electric Points of Presence (POPs) and routes.
- [GSMA Mobile Network Coverage Maps](https://www.mobilecoveragemaps.com) - Currently most accurate mobile coverage maps available, currently covers Benin, Burkina Faso, DRC, Congo Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Lesotho, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
- [nperf Mobile coverage maps](https://www.nperf.com/en/map) - mobile coverage based on data collected from [nperf app](https://www.nperf.com/en/nperf-applications/).
- [ITU Disaster Connectivity Map](https://dcm.itu.int/) - a map to assist disaster first responders in determining the status of telecommunications network infrastructure, coverage, and performance.

## Periodic Global Connectivity Reports

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- We Are Social ([2023](https://wearesocial.com/ca-en/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/)) ([2022](https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022-another-year-of-bumper-growth-2/)) ([2021](https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2021/01/digital-2021-uk/)) Annual report by Hootsuite on internet and social media adoption.
- Mobile Gender Gap Report from GSMA - ([2023](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2023.pdf)) ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2022.pdf)) ([2021](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2021.pdf)) ([2020](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GSMA-The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2020.pdf)) ([2019](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/GSMA-Connected-Women-The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2019.pdf)) ([2018](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/GSMA_The_Mobile_Gender_Gap_Report_2018_32pp_WEBv7.pdf))
- Mozilla Internet Health Report - ([2020](https://2020.internethealthreport.org/)) ([2019](https://internethealthreport.org/2019/)) ([2018](https://internethealthreport.org/2018/)).
- [GSMA Mobile Economy](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/) - ([2023](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/270223-The-Mobile-Economy-2023.pdf)) ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/280222-The-Mobile-Economy-2022.pdf)) ([2019](https://manypossibilities.net/report-archives/GSMA_The_Mobile_Economy_2019.pdf)) ([2018](https://manypossibilities.net/report-archives/GSMA_The_Mobile_Economy_2018.pdf))
- Broadband Commission: The State of Broadband - ([2021](https://broadbandcommission.org/publication/state-of-broadband-2021/)) ([2020](https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/pol/S-POL-BROADBAND.21-2020-PDF-E.pdf)) ([2019](https://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/StateofBroadband19.pdf))([2018](https://www.broadbandcommission.org/publications/Pages/SOB-2018.aspx))  ([2017](http://www.broadbandcommission.org/publications/Pages/SOB-2017.aspx))
- ITU Measuring the Information Society - ([2018](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/events/wtis2018/MISR-2018-Vol-1-E.PDF))  ([2017](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2017.aspx))
- GSMA - State of Mobile Internet Connectivity ([2023](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/The-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2023.pdf)) ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/The-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2022.pdf)) ([2020](https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/GSMA-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2020.pdf)) ([2019](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/GSMA-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2019.pdf)) ([2018](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-2018.pdf))
- [Ericsson Mobility Report](https://www.ericsson.com/en/mobility-report) - ([Jun 2023](https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/mobility-report/reports/june-2023)) ([Nov 2022](https://www.ericsson.com/4ae28d/assets/local/reports-papers/mobility-report/documents/2022/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2022.pdf)) ([Jun 2022](https://www.ericsson.com/49d3a0/assets/local/reports-papers/mobility-report/documents/2022/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2022.pdf)) ([Nov 2021](https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/reports-papers/mobility-report/documents/2021/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2021.pdf)) ([Q2 2020 Update](https://www.ericsson.com/4a4e5d/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2020/emr-q2-update-03092020.pdf)) ([Jun 2020](https://www.ericsson.com/49c840/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2020/june2020-ericsson-mobility-report.pdf)) ([Nov 2019](https://www.ericsson.com/en/mobility-report/reports/november-2019)) ([Nov 2018](https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2018/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2018.pdf)) ([June 2018](https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2018/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2018.pdf)).
- [Deloitte - Global mobile consumer trends](https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/gx-global-mobile-consumer-trends.html) (2017)
- [A4AI Affordability Report](http://a4ai.org/affordability-report/report/) - ([2020](https://a4ai.org/affordability-report/report/2020/)) ([2019](https://a4ai.org/affordability-report/report/2019/)) ([2018](http://1e8q3q16vyc81g8l3h3md6q5f5e-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/A4AI-2018-Affordability-Report.pdf)) ([2017](http://a4ai.org/affordability-report/report/2017)).
- [Akamai State of the Internet / Connectivity Report](https://www.akamai.com/uk/en/multimedia/documents/state-of-the-internet/q1-2017-state-of-the-internet-connectivity-report.pdf) - (Q1 2017) Report on connectivity from large CDN company.
- [World Economic Forum - Global Information Technology Report](http://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2016/) - (2016) Examines the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in driving innovation and includes Network Readiness Index.
- UN E-Government Survey [2018](https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018) [2016](https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2016) - Global E–Government and E-Participation Development Index. 
- [OECD Broadband Portal](https://www.oecd.org/internet/broadband/broadband-statistics/) - Latest data update: 10 February 2022.
- [AfterAccess - Mobile & Internet Use in the Global South](http://afteraccess.net/wp-content/uploads/After-Access-Website-layout-r1.pdf) - Infographic highlights of nationally representative surveys of ICT access and use by households and individuals in the public domain in 16 developing countries of the Global South.
- ITU Measuring Digital Development: ICT Price Trends - [2019](https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/prices2019/ITU_ICTpriceTrends_2019.pdf) - analysis and comparison of price data for mobile-voice services, mobile data and fixed broadband. Replaces the 'Measuring the Information Society Report'.


## Regional Connectivity Reports and Data

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- Development and Access to Information (DA2i) [Regional Reports](https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/da2i.reports/viz/DA2iRegionalReports/Introduction) - Dashboards profiling Connectivity, Freedom, and Gender Equity by the [TASCHA group](https://tascha.uw.edu/) at the University of Washington. Funded by [IFLA](https://www.ifla.org/).
- [e-Conomy Africa 2020](https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/publications_ext_content/ifc_external_publication_site/publications_listing_page/google-e-conomy): Africa’s $180 Billion Internet Economy Future - IFC/Google sponsored report on Africa's internet economy
- GSMA Mobile Economy - Middle East & North Africa ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GSMA_MENA_ME2022_R_WebSingles.pdf))
- GSMA Mobile Economy - West Africa ([2019](https://www.gsma.com/r/mobileeconomy/west-africa/)) ([2018](https://www.gsma.com/subsaharanafrica/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/2018-04-11-e568fe9e710ec776d82c04e9f6760adb.pdf))
- GSMA Mobile Economy - Sub-Saharan Africa ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/The-Mobile-Economy-Sub-Saharan-Africa-2022.pdf))([2021](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GSMA_ME_SSA_2021_English_Web_Singles.pdf)) ([2020](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/GSMA_MobileEconomy2020_SSA_Eng.pdf)) ([2018](https://policy.communitynetworks.group/_media/gsma_mobile_economy-ssa_2018.pdf))
- GSMA Mobile Economy - Latin America ([2022](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/GSMA_LATAM_ME2022_R_Web.pdf)) ([2021](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/GSMA_ME_LATAM_2021.pdf))
- GSMA Mobile Economy - Asia Pacific ([2021](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSMA_ME_APAC_2021_Web_Singles.pdf)) [2020](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GSMA_MobileEconomy_2020_AsiaPacific.pdf)
- GSMA Mobile Economy - Africa [2016](https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/africa/) 
- African Telecommunications Infrastructure Development @manypossibilities.net - [2014-2022](https://manypossibilities.net/series/africa-telecom-infrastructure/)
- RIA Africa Mobile Pricing (RAMP) Indices Portal - ([Q3 2022](https://researchictafrica.net/research-ict-africa-ramp-index-2/)) - Pricing information on Voice/SMS basket, 1GB data basket, and Value For Money bundles.
- Opera - State of the Mobile Web Africa - ([2019](https://blogs.opera.com/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SMW_2019.pdf)) ([2016](https://blogs.opera.com/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/11/SMWAfrica-Opera-report-2016-01-WEB-1.pdf)).
- Ericsson Mobility Report - Sub-Saharan Africa - ([2015](https://manypossibilities.net/report-archives/EricssonMobilityReport-nov-2015-regional-report-sub-saharan-africa.pdf))
- [Open Signal - State of Mobile Networks Reports](http://opensignal.com/reports/) - Report covers a potpourri of countries based on OpenSignal data gathering.
- [Lions go digital: The Internet’s transformative potential in Africa](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/lions-go-digital-the-internets-transformative-potential-in-africa) - (2013) Report by global consulting firm McKinsey on the potential impact of the Internet in Africa.

## Other sources

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- [ITU Data Hub](https://datahub.itu.int/) - a revamp of the ITU World ICT/Telecommunication Indicators Database (WTID), now free for non-commercial use
- [SpeedChecker Insights](https://insights.speedchecker.com/) - Periodic country-level reports on mobile internet speeds, latency, and coverage
- [Cloudflare Radar](https://radar.cloudflare.com/) - Invaluable resource on internet traffic, security, routing, outages, DNS, and more.
- [GSMA - Enabling Rural Coverage](https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Enabling_Rural_Coverage_English_February_2018.pdf) - (Feb 2018) Regulatory and policy recommendations to foster mobile broadband coverage in developing countries.
- [Facebook Audience Insights](https://www.facebook.com/ads/audience-insights/) - Demographic information on Facebook usage.
- [SimilarWeb - Mobile App Ranking](https://www.similarweb.com/apps/top/google/app-index/us/all/top-free) - Ranking of popular mobile apps across countries.
- [Global Stats by StatCounter](http://gs.statcounter.com/) - Browser market share over time by browser, region, OS.
- [Global Mobile Suppliers Association](https://gsacom.com/) - Various reports on LTE and 5G adoption.
- [Social Bakers Regional Reports](https://www.socialbakers.com/resources/reports/) - Country reports on social media use.
- [CIESIN Earth Institute - High Resolution Settlement Layer GIS data](https://ciesin.columbia.edu/data/hrsl/) - HRSL datasets offering unprecedented accuracy in population mapping.
- [Kleiner Perkins Mary Meeker Internet Trends Report](https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018/) - (May 2018) Trends that affect and drive internet uptake globally.
- [WEF Internet for All](https://www.weforum.org/reports/internet-for-all-a-framework-for-accelerating-internet-access-and-adoption/) - (2016) A Framework for Accelerating Internet Access and Adoption.
- [M-Lab Visualization Platform](https://www.measurementlab.net/visualizations/) - M-Lab is an open, verifiable measurement platform for global network performance. 
- [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure's Internet Intelligence Map](https://internetintel.oracle.com/about.html) - Interactive map reporting issues that impact the performance of the Internet.
- [LTE, WiMAX, HSPA+, 3G, GSM information by country](https://www.worldtimezone.com/4g.html) - Reasonably up-to-date list of mobile networks around the world and their associated frequencies.
- [Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023) White Paper](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executive-perspectives/annual-internet-report/white-paper-c11-741490.html) - Updated:February 28, 2020.
- [IPinfo.io - Country Pages](https://ipinfo.io/countries) - Summary of country-level IP data covering top ASNs, important routers, city-level information, carrier IPs, and other IP data.
- [Cloudflare Radar's Internet Quality Index](https://radar.cloudflare.com/quality) - Estimated country-level internet download speeds and performance.
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## License

[![CC0](http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/88x31/svg/cc-zero.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)

To the extent possible under law, [Steve Song](https://manypossibilities.net) has waived all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this work.
<a rel="me" href="https://mastodon.cloud/@stevesong">.</a>
